Optimization of Time- A nd Code-Division-Multiplexed Readout for Athena X-IFU

W. Bertrand Doriese; Simon R. Bandler; Saptarshi Chaudhuri; Carl S. Dawson; Edward V. Denison; Shannon M. Duff; Malcolm Durkin; Connor T. Fitzgerald; Joseph W. Fowler; Johnathon D. Gard; Gene C. Hilton; Kent D. Irwin; Young Il Joe; Kelsey M. Morgan; Galen C. O'Neil; Christine G. Pappas; Carl D. Reintsema; David A. Rudman; Stephen James Smith; Robert W. Stevens; Daniel S. Swetz; Paul Szypryt; Joel N. Ullom; Leila R. Vale; Joel C. Weber; Betty A. Young

doi:10.1109/TASC.2019.2905577

Optimization of Time- A nd Code-Division-Multiplexed Readout for Athena X-IFU

W. Bertrand Doriese, Simon R. Bandler, Saptarshi Chaudhuri, Carl S. Dawson, Edward V. Denison, Shannon M. Duff, Malcolm Durkin, Connor T. Fitzgerald, Joseph W. Fowler, Johnathon D. Gard, Gene C. Hilton, Kent D. Irwin, Young Il Joe, Kelsey M. Morgan, Galen C. O'Neil, Christine G. Pappas, Carl D. Reintsema, David A. Rudman, Stephen James Smith, Robert W. StevensDaniel S. Swetz, Paul Szypryt, Joel N. Ullom, Leila R. Vale, Joel C. Weber, Betty A. Young

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

14 Scopus citations

Abstract

Readout of a large, spacecraft-based array of superconducting transition-edge sensors (TESs) requires careful management of the layout area and power dissipation of the cryogenic-circuit components. We present three optimizations of our time-(TDM) and code-division-multiplexing (CDM) systems for the X-ray integral field unit (X-IFU), a several-thousand-pixel-TES array for the planned Athena-satellite mission. The first optimization is a new readout scheme that is a hybrid of CDM and TDM. This C/TDM architecture balances CDM's noise advantage with TDM's layout compactness. The second is a redesign of a component: The shunt resistor that provides a dc-voltage bias to the TESs. A new layout and a thicker Pd-Au resistive layer combine to reduce this resistor's area by more than a factor of 5. Third, we have studied the power dissipated by the first-stage superconducting quantum-interference devices (SQUIDs) and the readout noise versus the critical current of the first-stage SQUIDs. As a result, the X-IFU TDM and C/TDM SQUIDs will have a specified junction critical current of 5 μA. Based on these design optimizations and TDM experiments described by Durkin et al. (these proceedings), TDM meets all requirements to be X-IFU's backup-readout option. Hybrid C/TDM is another viable option that could save spacecraft resources.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	8668436
Journal	IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity
Volume	29
Issue number	5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2019.2905577
State	Published - Aug 2019
Externally published	Yes

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Condensed Matter Physics
Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Keywords

athena satellite
multiplexed readout
superconducting quantum-interference devices
Transition-edge sensors
X-ray microcalorimeters

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10.1109/TASC.2019.2905577

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Doriese, W. B., Bandler, S. R., Chaudhuri, S., Dawson, C. S., Denison, E. V., Duff, S. M., Durkin, M., Fitzgerald, C. T., Fowler, J. W., Gard, J. D., Hilton, G. C., Irwin, K. D., Joe, Y. I., Morgan, K. M., O'Neil, G. C., Pappas, C. G., Reintsema, C. D., Rudman, D. A., Smith, S. J., ... Young, B. A. (2019). Optimization of Time- A nd Code-Division-Multiplexed Readout for Athena X-IFU. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 29(5), Article 8668436. https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2019.2905577

@article{5b0f278b0a1045d8b3a3a50fe0adb83f,

title = "Optimization of Time- A nd Code-Division-Multiplexed Readout for Athena X-IFU",

abstract = "Readout of a large, spacecraft-based array of superconducting transition-edge sensors (TESs) requires careful management of the layout area and power dissipation of the cryogenic-circuit components. We present three optimizations of our time-(TDM) and code-division-multiplexing (CDM) systems for the X-ray integral field unit (X-IFU), a several-thousand-pixel-TES array for the planned Athena-satellite mission. The first optimization is a new readout scheme that is a hybrid of CDM and TDM. This C/TDM architecture balances CDM's noise advantage with TDM's layout compactness. The second is a redesign of a component: The shunt resistor that provides a dc-voltage bias to the TESs. A new layout and a thicker Pd-Au resistive layer combine to reduce this resistor's area by more than a factor of 5. Third, we have studied the power dissipated by the first-stage superconducting quantum-interference devices (SQUIDs) and the readout noise versus the critical current of the first-stage SQUIDs. As a result, the X-IFU TDM and C/TDM SQUIDs will have a specified junction critical current of 5 μA. Based on these design optimizations and TDM experiments described by Durkin et al. (these proceedings), TDM meets all requirements to be X-IFU's backup-readout option. Hybrid C/TDM is another viable option that could save spacecraft resources.",

keywords = "athena satellite, multiplexed readout, superconducting quantum-interference devices, Transition-edge sensors, X-ray microcalorimeters",

author = "Doriese, {W. Bertrand} and Bandler, {Simon R.} and Saptarshi Chaudhuri and Dawson, {Carl S.} and Denison, {Edward V.} and Duff, {Shannon M.} and Malcolm Durkin and Fitzgerald, {Connor T.} and Fowler, {Joseph W.} and Gard, {Johnathon D.} and Hilton, {Gene C.} and Irwin, {Kent D.} and Joe, {Young Il} and Morgan, {Kelsey M.} and O'Neil, {Galen C.} and Pappas, {Christine G.} and Reintsema, {Carl D.} and Rudman, {David A.} and Smith, {Stephen James} and Stevens, {Robert W.} and Swetz, {Daniel S.} and Paul Szypryt and Ullom, {Joel N.} and Vale, {Leila R.} and Weber, {Joel C.} and Young, {Betty A.}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2002-2011 IEEE.",

year = "2019",

month = aug,

doi = "10.1109/TASC.2019.2905577",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "29",

journal = "IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity",

issn = "1051-8223",

publisher = "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.",

number = "5",

}

Doriese, WB, Bandler, SR, Chaudhuri, S, Dawson, CS, Denison, EV, Duff, SM, Durkin, M, Fitzgerald, CT, Fowler, JW, Gard, JD, Hilton, GC, Irwin, KD, Joe, YI, Morgan, KM, O'Neil, GC, Pappas, CG, Reintsema, CD, Rudman, DA, Smith, SJ, Stevens, RW, Swetz, DS, Szypryt, P, Ullom, JN, Vale, LR, Weber, JC & Young, BA 2019, 'Optimization of Time- A nd Code-Division-Multiplexed Readout for Athena X-IFU', IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, vol. 29, no. 5, 8668436. https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2019.2905577

TY - JOUR

T1 - Optimization of Time- A nd Code-Division-Multiplexed Readout for Athena X-IFU

AU - Doriese, W. Bertrand

AU - Bandler, Simon R.

AU - Chaudhuri, Saptarshi

AU - Dawson, Carl S.

AU - Denison, Edward V.

AU - Duff, Shannon M.

AU - Durkin, Malcolm

AU - Fitzgerald, Connor T.

AU - Fowler, Joseph W.

AU - Gard, Johnathon D.

AU - Hilton, Gene C.

AU - Irwin, Kent D.

AU - Joe, Young Il

AU - Morgan, Kelsey M.

AU - O'Neil, Galen C.

AU - Pappas, Christine G.

AU - Reintsema, Carl D.

AU - Rudman, David A.

AU - Smith, Stephen James

AU - Stevens, Robert W.

AU - Swetz, Daniel S.

AU - Szypryt, Paul

AU - Ullom, Joel N.

AU - Vale, Leila R.

AU - Weber, Joel C.

AU - Young, Betty A.

PY - 2019/8

Y1 - 2019/8

N2 - Readout of a large, spacecraft-based array of superconducting transition-edge sensors (TESs) requires careful management of the layout area and power dissipation of the cryogenic-circuit components. We present three optimizations of our time-(TDM) and code-division-multiplexing (CDM) systems for the X-ray integral field unit (X-IFU), a several-thousand-pixel-TES array for the planned Athena-satellite mission. The first optimization is a new readout scheme that is a hybrid of CDM and TDM. This C/TDM architecture balances CDM's noise advantage with TDM's layout compactness. The second is a redesign of a component: The shunt resistor that provides a dc-voltage bias to the TESs. A new layout and a thicker Pd-Au resistive layer combine to reduce this resistor's area by more than a factor of 5. Third, we have studied the power dissipated by the first-stage superconducting quantum-interference devices (SQUIDs) and the readout noise versus the critical current of the first-stage SQUIDs. As a result, the X-IFU TDM and C/TDM SQUIDs will have a specified junction critical current of 5 μA. Based on these design optimizations and TDM experiments described by Durkin et al. (these proceedings), TDM meets all requirements to be X-IFU's backup-readout option. Hybrid C/TDM is another viable option that could save spacecraft resources.

AB - Readout of a large, spacecraft-based array of superconducting transition-edge sensors (TESs) requires careful management of the layout area and power dissipation of the cryogenic-circuit components. We present three optimizations of our time-(TDM) and code-division-multiplexing (CDM) systems for the X-ray integral field unit (X-IFU), a several-thousand-pixel-TES array for the planned Athena-satellite mission. The first optimization is a new readout scheme that is a hybrid of CDM and TDM. This C/TDM architecture balances CDM's noise advantage with TDM's layout compactness. The second is a redesign of a component: The shunt resistor that provides a dc-voltage bias to the TESs. A new layout and a thicker Pd-Au resistive layer combine to reduce this resistor's area by more than a factor of 5. Third, we have studied the power dissipated by the first-stage superconducting quantum-interference devices (SQUIDs) and the readout noise versus the critical current of the first-stage SQUIDs. As a result, the X-IFU TDM and C/TDM SQUIDs will have a specified junction critical current of 5 μA. Based on these design optimizations and TDM experiments described by Durkin et al. (these proceedings), TDM meets all requirements to be X-IFU's backup-readout option. Hybrid C/TDM is another viable option that could save spacecraft resources.

KW - athena satellite

KW - multiplexed readout

KW - superconducting quantum-interference devices

KW - Transition-edge sensors

KW - X-ray microcalorimeters

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SN - 1051-8223

VL - 29

JO - IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity

JF - IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity

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M1 - 8668436

ER -

Optimization of Time- A nd Code-Division-Multiplexed Readout for Athena X-IFU

Abstract

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Keywords

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