TY - JOUR
T1 - Optical layer security in fiber-optic networks
AU - Fok, Mable P.
AU - Wang, Zhexing
AU - Deng, Yanhua
AU - Prucnal, Paul R.
N1 - Funding Information:
Manuscript received October 13, 2010; revised January 18, 2011; accepted March 31, 2011. Date of publication April 11, 2011; date of current version August 17, 2011. This work was supported in part by the U.S. Defense Advance Research Projects Agency under Grant MDA972-03-1-0006 and in part by SSC Pacific Grant N66001-07-1-2010. The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Dr. Wade Trappe.
PY - 2011/9
Y1 - 2011/9
N2 - The physical layer of an optical network is vulnerable to a variety of attacks, including jamming, physical infrastructure attacks, eavesdropping, and interception. As the demand for network capacity grows dramatically, the issue of securing the physical layer of optical network cannot be overlooked. In this survey paper, we discuss the security threats in an optical network as well as present several existing optical techniques to improve the security. In the first part of this paper, we discuss various types of security threats that could appear in the optical layer of an optical network, including jamming, physical infrastructure attacks, eavesdropping, and interception. Intensive research has focused on improving optical network security, in the above specific areas. Real-time processing of the optical signal is essential in order to integrate security functionality at the physical layer while not undermining the true value of optical communications, which is its speed. Optical layer security benefits from the unique properties of optical processinginstantaneous response, broadband operation, electromagnetic immunity, compactness, and low latency. In the second part of this paper, various defenses against the security threats outlined in this paper are discussed, including optical encryption, optical code-division multiple access (CDMA) confidentiality, self-healing survivable optical rings, anti-jamming, and optical steganography.
AB - The physical layer of an optical network is vulnerable to a variety of attacks, including jamming, physical infrastructure attacks, eavesdropping, and interception. As the demand for network capacity grows dramatically, the issue of securing the physical layer of optical network cannot be overlooked. In this survey paper, we discuss the security threats in an optical network as well as present several existing optical techniques to improve the security. In the first part of this paper, we discuss various types of security threats that could appear in the optical layer of an optical network, including jamming, physical infrastructure attacks, eavesdropping, and interception. Intensive research has focused on improving optical network security, in the above specific areas. Real-time processing of the optical signal is essential in order to integrate security functionality at the physical layer while not undermining the true value of optical communications, which is its speed. Optical layer security benefits from the unique properties of optical processinginstantaneous response, broadband operation, electromagnetic immunity, compactness, and low latency. In the second part of this paper, various defenses against the security threats outlined in this paper are discussed, including optical encryption, optical code-division multiple access (CDMA) confidentiality, self-healing survivable optical rings, anti-jamming, and optical steganography.
KW - Fiber-optics network
KW - optical layer security
KW - optical signal processing
KW - physical layer security
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U2 - 10.1109/TIFS.2011.2141990
DO - 10.1109/TIFS.2011.2141990
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:80051743311
SN - 1556-6013
VL - 6
SP - 725
EP - 736
JO - IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security
JF - IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security
IS - 3 PART 1
M1 - 5749282
ER -