@article{9d8e4a6f5d114eb2b1f2e3434ef3faae,
title = "Opponent control of behavior by dorsomedial striatal pathways depends on task demands and internal state",
abstract = "A classic view of the striatum holds that activity in direct and indirect pathways oppositely modulates motor output. Whether this involves direct control of movement, or reflects a cognitive process underlying movement, remains unresolved. Here we find that strong, opponent control of behavior by the two pathways of the dorsomedial striatum depends on the cognitive requirements of a task. Furthermore, a latent state model (a hidden Markov model with generalized linear model observations) reveals that—even within a single task—the contribution of the two pathways to behavior is state dependent. Specifically, the two pathways have large contributions in one of two states associated with a strategy of evidence accumulation, compared to a state associated with a strategy of repeating previous choices. Thus, both the demands imposed by a task, as well as the internal state of mice when performing a task, determine whether dorsomedial striatum pathways provide strong and opponent control of behavior.",
author = "Bolkan, {Scott S.} and Stone, {Iris R.} and Lucas Pinto and Ashwood, {Zoe C.} and {Iravedra Garcia}, {Jorge M.} and Herman, {Alison L.} and Priyanka Singh and Akhil Bandi and Julia Cox and Zimmerman, {Christopher A.} and Cho, {Jounhong Ryan} and Ben Engelhard and Pillow, {Jonathan W.} and Witten, {Ilana B.}",
note = "Funding Information: We thank the entire BRAINCoGs team as well as the laboratories of I.B.W. and J.W.P. for feedback on this work. We thank S. Stein and S. Baptista for technical support in animal training, and C. Kopecs for technical assistance. This work was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health R01 DA047869 (to I.B.W.), F32MH118792 (to S.S.B.), F32NS101871 (to L.P.), K99MH120047 (to L.P.), U19 NS104648-01 (to J.W.P. and I.B.W.) and ARO W911NF1710554 (to I.B.W.), the Brain Research Foundation (to I.B.W.), Simons Collaboration on the Global Brain (to J.W.P. and I.B.W.), 1R01MH106689 (to I.B.W.) and the New York Stem Cell Foundation (to I.B.W.). I.B.W. is an NYSCF–Robertson Investigator. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc.",
year = "2022",
month = mar,
doi = "10.1038/s41593-022-01021-9",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "25",
pages = "345--357",
journal = "Nature neuroscience",
issn = "1097-6256",
publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",
number = "3",
}