TY - JOUR
T1 - One-dimensional Luttinger liquids in a two-dimensional moiré lattice
AU - Wang, Pengjie
AU - Yu, Guo
AU - Kwan, Yves H.
AU - Jia, Yanyu
AU - Lei, Shiming
AU - Klemenz, Sebastian
AU - Cevallos, F. Alexandre
AU - Singha, Ratnadwip
AU - Devakul, Trithep
AU - Watanabe, Kenji
AU - Taniguchi, Takashi
AU - Sondhi, Shivaji L.
AU - Cava, Robert J.
AU - Schoop, Leslie M.
AU - Parameswaran, Siddharth A.
AU - Wu, Sanfeng
N1 - Funding Information:
We acknowledge discussions with N. P. Ong, A. Yazdani, B. A. Bernevig, F. H. L. Essler, B. Lian, C. Kane, K. Yang, A. J. Uzan, Y. Werman and J. Zhang. We thank S. H. Simon for discussions and for pointing out ref. to us. This research was supported by NSF through a CAREER award to S.W. (DMR-1942942) and the Princeton University Materials Research Science and Engineering Center (DMR-2011750) through support to S.W., R.J.C. and L.M.S. Device characterization and data analysis were partially supported by ONR through a Young Investigator Award (N00014-21-1-2804) to S.W. S.W. and L.M.S. acknowledge support from the Eric and Wendy Schmidt Transformative Technology Fund at Princeton. Early measurements were performed at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, which is supported by NSF Cooperative Agreement no. DMR-1644779 and the State of Florida. K.W. and T.T. acknowledge support from the Elemental Strategy Initiative conducted by the MEXT, Japan, grant number JPMXP0112101001, JSPS KAKENHI grant number JP20H00354 and the CREST(JPMJCR15F3), JST. L.M.S. acknowledges support from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation’s EPiQS initiative through grant no. GBMF9064 to L.M.S, the David and Lucile Packard Foundation, the Sloan Foundation and Princeton’s catalysis initiative. Y.H.K. and S.A.P. acknowledge support from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme via grant agreement no. 804213-TMCS. S.L.S. was supported by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation through grant no. GBMF8685 towards the Princeton theory program and by a Leverhulme International Professorship at Oxford.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.
PY - 2022/5/5
Y1 - 2022/5/5
N2 - The Luttinger liquid (LL) model of one-dimensional (1D) electronic systems provides a powerful tool for understanding strongly correlated physics, including phenomena such as spin–charge separation1. Substantial theoretical efforts have attempted to extend the LL phenomenology to two dimensions, especially in models of closely packed arrays of 1D quantum wires2–13, each being described as a LL. Such coupled-wire models have been successfully used to construct two-dimensional (2D) anisotropic non-Fermi liquids2–6, quantum Hall states7–9, topological phases10,11 and quantum spin liquids12,13. However, an experimental demonstration of high-quality arrays of 1D LLs suitable for realizing these models remains absent. Here we report the experimental realization of 2D arrays of 1D LLs with crystalline quality in a moiré superlattice made of twisted bilayer tungsten ditelluride (tWTe2). Originating from the anisotropic lattice of the monolayer, the moiré pattern of tWTe2 hosts identical, parallel 1D electronic channels, separated by a fixed nanoscale distance, which is tuneable by the interlayer twist angle. At a twist angle of approximately 5 degrees, we find that hole-doped tWTe2 exhibits exceptionally large transport anisotropy with a resistance ratio of around 1,000 between two orthogonal in-plane directions. The across-wire conductance exhibits power-law scaling behaviours, consistent with the formation of a 2D anisotropic phase that resembles an array of LLs. Our results open the door for realizing a variety of correlated and topological quantum phases based on coupled-wire models and LL physics.
AB - The Luttinger liquid (LL) model of one-dimensional (1D) electronic systems provides a powerful tool for understanding strongly correlated physics, including phenomena such as spin–charge separation1. Substantial theoretical efforts have attempted to extend the LL phenomenology to two dimensions, especially in models of closely packed arrays of 1D quantum wires2–13, each being described as a LL. Such coupled-wire models have been successfully used to construct two-dimensional (2D) anisotropic non-Fermi liquids2–6, quantum Hall states7–9, topological phases10,11 and quantum spin liquids12,13. However, an experimental demonstration of high-quality arrays of 1D LLs suitable for realizing these models remains absent. Here we report the experimental realization of 2D arrays of 1D LLs with crystalline quality in a moiré superlattice made of twisted bilayer tungsten ditelluride (tWTe2). Originating from the anisotropic lattice of the monolayer, the moiré pattern of tWTe2 hosts identical, parallel 1D electronic channels, separated by a fixed nanoscale distance, which is tuneable by the interlayer twist angle. At a twist angle of approximately 5 degrees, we find that hole-doped tWTe2 exhibits exceptionally large transport anisotropy with a resistance ratio of around 1,000 between two orthogonal in-plane directions. The across-wire conductance exhibits power-law scaling behaviours, consistent with the formation of a 2D anisotropic phase that resembles an array of LLs. Our results open the door for realizing a variety of correlated and topological quantum phases based on coupled-wire models and LL physics.
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U2 - 10.1038/s41586-022-04514-6
DO - 10.1038/s41586-022-04514-6
M3 - Article
C2 - 35508779
AN - SCOPUS:85129408945
SN - 0028-0836
VL - 605
SP - 57
EP - 62
JO - Nature
JF - Nature
IS - 7908
ER -