TY - JOUR
T1 - On the Physical Layer Security of Millimeter Wave NOMA Networks
AU - Huang, Shaocheng
AU - Xiao, Ming
AU - Poor, H. Vincent
N1 - Funding Information:
Manuscript received April 27, 2020; revised July 11, 2020; accepted August 11, 2020. Date of publication August 17, 2020; date of current version October 22, 2020. The work of Ming Xiao was supported in part by the EU Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions project entitled “High-reliability Low-latency Communications with network coding,” and ERA-NET Smart Energy Systems SG+ 2017 Program, “SMART-MLA” with project number 89029 (and SWEA number 42811-2), and Swedish Strategic Research Foundation project “High-reliable Low-latency Industrial Wireless Communications,” and Swedish Foundation for International Cooperation in Research, and Higher Education (STINT), project “Efficient, and Secure Distributed Machine Learning with Gradient Descend.” The work of H. Vincent Poor was supported in part by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant CCF-1908308. The review of this article was coordinated by Dr. S. Majhi. (Corresponding author: Ming Xiao.) Shaocheng Huang and Ming Xiao are with the Division of Information Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 10044, Sweden (e-mail: shahua@kth.se; mingx@kth.se).
Publisher Copyright:
© 1967-2012 IEEE.
PY - 2020/10
Y1 - 2020/10
N2 - For the capability of providing multi-giga BPS (bits per second) rates, millimeter wave (mmWave) communication is one of the key enabling technologies for the new and future generations of mobile communications, i.e., the fifth generation (5G) and beyond. Meanwhile, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) can significantly increase the spectral efficiency by simultaneously serving multiple users in the same channel. Thus, mmWave NOMA networks have recently attracted considerable research attention. Meanwhile, a large number of confidential messages exchanged within highly interconnected systems has posed tremendous challenges on secure wireless communications, and thus in this article, we investigate the physical layer security of mmWave NOMA networks. Considering the limited scattering characteristics of mmWave channels and imperfect successive interference cancellation at receivers, we develop an analytic framework for the secrecy outage probability (SOP) for mmWave NOMA networks, in which legitimate users and eavesdroppers are randomly distributed. Based on the directional transmission property of mmWave signals, we propose a minimal angle-difference user pairing scheme to reduce the SOP of users. Considering the spatial correlation between the selected user pair and eavesdroppers, we develop two maximum ratio transmission (MRT) beamforming schemes to further enhance the secrecy performance of mmWave NOMA networks. Closed-form SOPs for the paired users with different eavesdropper detection capacities are derived. Numerical results show the effectiveness of our analysis and that there exists an optimal radius of network coverage ranges and transmit power to minimize the SOP of the user pair.
AB - For the capability of providing multi-giga BPS (bits per second) rates, millimeter wave (mmWave) communication is one of the key enabling technologies for the new and future generations of mobile communications, i.e., the fifth generation (5G) and beyond. Meanwhile, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) can significantly increase the spectral efficiency by simultaneously serving multiple users in the same channel. Thus, mmWave NOMA networks have recently attracted considerable research attention. Meanwhile, a large number of confidential messages exchanged within highly interconnected systems has posed tremendous challenges on secure wireless communications, and thus in this article, we investigate the physical layer security of mmWave NOMA networks. Considering the limited scattering characteristics of mmWave channels and imperfect successive interference cancellation at receivers, we develop an analytic framework for the secrecy outage probability (SOP) for mmWave NOMA networks, in which legitimate users and eavesdroppers are randomly distributed. Based on the directional transmission property of mmWave signals, we propose a minimal angle-difference user pairing scheme to reduce the SOP of users. Considering the spatial correlation between the selected user pair and eavesdroppers, we develop two maximum ratio transmission (MRT) beamforming schemes to further enhance the secrecy performance of mmWave NOMA networks. Closed-form SOPs for the paired users with different eavesdropper detection capacities are derived. Numerical results show the effectiveness of our analysis and that there exists an optimal radius of network coverage ranges and transmit power to minimize the SOP of the user pair.
KW - Millimeter wave
KW - maximum ratio transmission
KW - non-orthogonal multiple access
KW - physical layer security
KW - secrecy outage probability
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85095680482&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85095680482&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1109/TVT.2020.3017086
DO - 10.1109/TVT.2020.3017086
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85095680482
SN - 0018-9545
VL - 69
SP - 11697
EP - 11711
JO - IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology
JF - IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology
IS - 10
M1 - 9169836
ER -