On the canonical bundle formula and log abundance in positive characteristic

We show that a weak version of the canonical bundle formula holds for fibrations of relative dimension one. We provide various applications thereof, for instance, using the recent result of Xu and Zhang, we prove the log non-vanishing conjecture for three-dimensional klt pairs over any algebraically closed field k of characteristic p> 5 , which in turn implies the termination of any sequence of three-dimensional flips in the pseudo-effective case. We also show the log abundance conjecture for threefolds over k when the nef dimension is not maximal, and the base point free theorem for threefolds over F¯ _p when p> 2.