Abstract
We describe an analysis comparing the pp¯ elastic cross section as measured by the D0 Collaboration at a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV to that in pp collisions as measured by the TOTEM Collaboration at 2.76, 7, 8, and 13 TeV using a model-independent approach. The TOTEM cross sections, extrapolated to a center-of-mass energy of s=1.96 TeV, are compared with the D0 measurement in the region of the diffractive minimum and the second maximum of the pp cross section. The two data sets disagree at the 3.4σ level and thus provide evidence for the t-channel exchange of a colorless, C-odd gluonic compound, also known as the odderon. We combine these results with a TOTEM analysis of the same C-odd exchange based on the total cross section and the ratio of the real to imaginary parts of the forward elastic strong interaction scattering amplitude in pp scattering for which the significance is between 3.4σ and 4.6σ. The combined significance is larger than 5σ and is interpreted as the first observation of the exchange of a colorless, C-odd gluonic compound.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Article number | 062003 |
| Journal | Physical review letters |
| Volume | 127 |
| Issue number | 6 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Aug 6 2021 |
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- Physics and Astronomy(all)
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In: Physical review letters, Vol. 127, No. 6, 062003, 06.08.2021.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
TY - JOUR
T1 - Odderon Exchange from Elastic Scattering Differences between pp and p p ¯ Data at 1.96 TeV and from pp Forward Scattering Measurements
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N1 - Funding Information: The TOTEM Collaboration is grateful to the CERN beam optics development team for the design and the successful commissioning of the different special optics and to the LHC machine coordinators for scheduling the dedicated fills. We acknowledge the support from the collaborating institutions and also NSF (U.S.), the Magnus Ehrnrooth Foundation (Finland), the Waldemar von Frenckell Foundation (Finland), the Academy of Finland, the Finnish Academy of Science and Letters (The Vilho Yrj and Kalle V Fund), the Circles of Knowledge Club (Hungary), the NKFIH/OTKA grant K 133046 and the Human Resources Development Operational Programme (EFOP) Grant No. 3.6.1-16-2016-00001 grants (Hungary). Individuals have received support from Nylands nation vid Helsingfors universitet (Finland), MSMT CR (the Czech Republic), the Jos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the New National Excellence Program of the Hungarian Ministry of Human Capacities and the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education Grant No. MNiSW DIR/WK/2018/13. The D0 Collaboration has prepared this document using the resources of the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, HEP User Facility. Fermilab is managed by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC (FRA), acting under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359. The D0 collaboration thanks the staff at Fermilab and collaborating institutions, and acknowledges support from the Department of Energy and National Science Foundation (U.S.); Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission and National Center for Scientific Research/National Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics (France); Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute" of the Russian Federation, and Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Russia); National Council for the Development of Science and Technology and Carlos Chagas Filho Foundation for the Support of Research in the State of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil); Department of Atomic Energy and Department of Science and Technology (India); Administrative Department of Science, Technology and Innovation (Colombia); National Council of Science and Technology (Mexico); National Research Foundation of Korea (Korea); Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter (Netherlands); Science and Technology Facilities Council and The Royal Society (United Kingdom); Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (Czech Republic); Bundesministerium fr Bildung und Forschung (Federal Ministry of Education and Research) and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation) (Germany); Science Foundation Ireland (Ireland); Swedish Research Council (Sweden); China Academy of Sciences and National Natural Science Foundation of China (China); and Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine (Ukraine). Funding Information: The TOTEM Collaboration is grateful to the CERN beam optics development team for the design and the successful commissioning of the different special optics and to the LHC machine coordinators for scheduling the dedicated fills. We acknowledge the support from the collaborating institutions and also NSF (U.S.), the Magnus Ehrnrooth Foundation (Finland), the Waldemar von Frenckell Foundation (Finland), the Academy of Finland, the Finnish Academy of Science and Letters (The Vilho Yrjö and Kalle Väisälä Fund), the Circles of Knowledge Club (Hungary), the NKFIH/OTKA grant K 133046 and the Human Resources Development Operational Programme (EFOP) Grant No. 3.6.1-16-2016-00001 grants (Hungary). Individuals have received support from Nylands nation vid Helsingfors universitet (Finland), MSMT CR (the Czech Republic), the János Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the New National Excellence Program of the Hungarian Ministry of Human Capacities and the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education Grant No. MNiSW DIR/WK/2018/13. The D0 Collaboration has prepared this document using the resources of the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, HEP User Facility. Fermilab is managed by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC (FRA), acting under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359. The D0 collaboration thanks the staff at Fermilab and collaborating institutions, and acknowledges support from the Department of Energy and National Science Foundation (U.S.); Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission and National Center for Scientific Research/National Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics (France); Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute” of the Russian Federation, and Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Russia); National Council for the Development of Science and Technology and Carlos Chagas Filho Foundation for the Support of Research in the State of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil); Department of Atomic Energy and Department of Science and Technology (India); Administrative Department of Science, Technology and Innovation (Colombia); National Council of Science and Technology (Mexico); National Research Foundation of Korea (Korea); Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter (Netherlands); Science and Technology Facilities Council and The Royal Society (United Kingdom); Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (Czech Republic); Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (Federal Ministry of Education and Research) and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation) (Germany); Science Foundation Ireland (Ireland); Swedish Research Council (Sweden); China Academy of Sciences and National Natural Science Foundation of China (China); and Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine (Ukraine). Publisher Copyright: © 2021 CERN.
PY - 2021/8/6
Y1 - 2021/8/6
N2 - We describe an analysis comparing the pp¯ elastic cross section as measured by the D0 Collaboration at a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV to that in pp collisions as measured by the TOTEM Collaboration at 2.76, 7, 8, and 13 TeV using a model-independent approach. The TOTEM cross sections, extrapolated to a center-of-mass energy of s=1.96 TeV, are compared with the D0 measurement in the region of the diffractive minimum and the second maximum of the pp cross section. The two data sets disagree at the 3.4σ level and thus provide evidence for the t-channel exchange of a colorless, C-odd gluonic compound, also known as the odderon. We combine these results with a TOTEM analysis of the same C-odd exchange based on the total cross section and the ratio of the real to imaginary parts of the forward elastic strong interaction scattering amplitude in pp scattering for which the significance is between 3.4σ and 4.6σ. The combined significance is larger than 5σ and is interpreted as the first observation of the exchange of a colorless, C-odd gluonic compound.
AB - We describe an analysis comparing the pp¯ elastic cross section as measured by the D0 Collaboration at a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV to that in pp collisions as measured by the TOTEM Collaboration at 2.76, 7, 8, and 13 TeV using a model-independent approach. The TOTEM cross sections, extrapolated to a center-of-mass energy of s=1.96 TeV, are compared with the D0 measurement in the region of the diffractive minimum and the second maximum of the pp cross section. The two data sets disagree at the 3.4σ level and thus provide evidence for the t-channel exchange of a colorless, C-odd gluonic compound, also known as the odderon. We combine these results with a TOTEM analysis of the same C-odd exchange based on the total cross section and the ratio of the real to imaginary parts of the forward elastic strong interaction scattering amplitude in pp scattering for which the significance is between 3.4σ and 4.6σ. The combined significance is larger than 5σ and is interpreted as the first observation of the exchange of a colorless, C-odd gluonic compound.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85112393047&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85112393047&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.062003
DO - 10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.062003
M3 - Article
C2 - 34420329
AN - SCOPUS:85112393047
SN - 0031-9007
VL - 127
JO - Physical review letters
JF - Physical review letters
IS - 6
M1 - 062003
ER -