Nonlinear coupling of tearing fluctuations in the Madison Symmetric Torus

Three-wave, nonlinear, tearing mode coupling has been measured in the Madison Symmetric Torus (MST) reversed-field pinch (RFP) [Fusion Technol. 19, 131 (1991)] using bispectral analysis of edge magnetic fluctuations resolved in "k-space." The strength of nonlinear three-wave interactions satisfying the sum rules m₁+m₂=m₃ and n ₁+n₂=n₃ is measured by the bicoherency. In the RFP, m=1, n∼2R/a (6 for MST) internally resonant modes are linearly unstable and grow to large amplitude. Large values of bicoherency occur for two m=1 modes coupled to an m=2 mode and the coupling of intermediate toroidal modes, e.g., n=6 and 7 coupled to n=13. These experimental bispectral features agree with predicted bispectral features derived from magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) computation. However, in the experiment, enhanced coupling occurs in the "crash" phase of a sawtooth oscillation concomitant with a broadened mode spectrum suggesting the onset of a nonlinear cascade.