TY - JOUR
T1 - Nonlinear ballooning instability in the near-Earth magnetotail
T2 - Growth, structure, and possible role in substorms
AU - Zhu, P.
AU - Sovinec, C. R.
AU - Hegna, C. C.
AU - Bhattacharjee, A.
AU - Germaschewski, K.
PY - 2007/6/1
Y1 - 2007/6/1
N2 - To examine the scenario that the onset of a substorm can be triggered by ballooning instabilities in the near-Earth magnetotail, we have performed three-dimensional direct magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the nonlinear evolution of the ideal ballooning instability in two types of analytic Grad-Shafranov equilibria of the magnetotail. The nonlinear growth and spatial structure (in both real and spectral spaces) of the instability are obtained for both classes of equilibria, and its observable consequences are explored. In particular, the linearly unstable ballooning mode is demonstrated to grow exponentially in the early nonlinear phase, and it starts to slow down or saturate in the intermediate nonlinear phase. The intermediate nonlinear phase is characterized by the formation of fine-scale patterns determined by the dominant ky mode and spatially discontinuous structures that tend to accumulate at the stagnation point of the sheared flow profile spontaneously generated by the instability. It is proposed that, unlike the predictions of a theory of explosive nonlinear growth, the nonlinear ballooning instability, by itself, cannot produce a current disruption. However, the possibility remains open that the ballooning instability, when coupled to current-driven instabilities and nonideal mechanisms such as reconnection and turbulent transport, may produce current sheet disruption in the near-Earth magnetotail.
AB - To examine the scenario that the onset of a substorm can be triggered by ballooning instabilities in the near-Earth magnetotail, we have performed three-dimensional direct magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the nonlinear evolution of the ideal ballooning instability in two types of analytic Grad-Shafranov equilibria of the magnetotail. The nonlinear growth and spatial structure (in both real and spectral spaces) of the instability are obtained for both classes of equilibria, and its observable consequences are explored. In particular, the linearly unstable ballooning mode is demonstrated to grow exponentially in the early nonlinear phase, and it starts to slow down or saturate in the intermediate nonlinear phase. The intermediate nonlinear phase is characterized by the formation of fine-scale patterns determined by the dominant ky mode and spatially discontinuous structures that tend to accumulate at the stagnation point of the sheared flow profile spontaneously generated by the instability. It is proposed that, unlike the predictions of a theory of explosive nonlinear growth, the nonlinear ballooning instability, by itself, cannot produce a current disruption. However, the possibility remains open that the ballooning instability, when coupled to current-driven instabilities and nonideal mechanisms such as reconnection and turbulent transport, may produce current sheet disruption in the near-Earth magnetotail.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=34548353942&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=34548353942&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1029/2006JA011991
DO - 10.1029/2006JA011991
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:34548353942
SN - 2169-9402
VL - 112
JO - Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
JF - Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
IS - 6
M1 - A06222
ER -