Nitric oxide isotopic analyzer based on a compact dual-modulation faraday rotation spectrometer

We have developed a transportable spectroscopic nitrogen isotopic analyzer. The spectrometer is based on dual-modulation Faraday rotation spectroscopy of nitric oxide isotopologues with near shot-noise limited performance and baseline-free operation. Noise analysis indicates minor isotope (¹⁵NO) detection sensitivity of 0.36 ppbv·Hz^−1/2, corresponding to noise-equivalent Faraday rotation angle (NEA) of 1.31 × 10⁻⁸ rad·Hz^−1/2 and noise-equivalent absorbance (αL)min of 6.27 × 10⁻⁸ Hz^−1/2. White-noise limited performance at 2.8× the shot-noise limit is observed up to ~1000 s, allowing reliable calibration and sample measurement within the drift-free interval of the spectrometer. Integration with wet-chemistry based on acidic vanadium(III) enables conversion of aqueous nitrate/nitrite samples to gaseous NO for total nitrogen isotope analysis. Isotopic ratiometry is accomplished via time-multiplexed measurements of two NO isotope transitions. For 5 μmol potassium nitrate samples, the instrument consistently yields ratiometric precision below 0.3‰, thus demonstrating potential as an in situ diagnostic tool for environmental nitrogen cycle studies.