@article{76609d8beac24b2ebae2650e8d27d1cb,
title = "nIFTy galaxy cluster simulations - I. Dark matter and non-radiative models",
abstract = "We have simulated the formation of a galaxy cluster in a Λ cold dark matter universe using 13 different codes modelling only gravity and non-radiative hydrodynamics (RAMSES, ART, AREPO, HYDRA and nine incarnations of GADGET). This range of codes includes particle-based, moving and fixed mesh codes as well as both Eulerian and Lagrangian fluid schemes. The various GADGET implementations span classic and modern smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) schemes. The goal of this comparison is to assess the reliability of cosmological hydrodynamical simulations of clusters in the simplest astrophysically relevant case, that in which the gas is assumed to be non-radiative. We compare images of the cluster at z = 0, global properties such as mass and radial profiles of various dynamical and thermodynamical quantities. The underlying gravitational framework can be aligned very accurately for all the codes allowing a detailed investigation of the differences that develop due to the various gas physics implementations employed. As expected, the mesh-based codes RAMSES, ART and AREPO form extended entropy cores in the gas with rising central gas temperatures. Those codes employing classic SPH schemes show falling entropy profiles all the way into the very centre with correspondingly rising density profiles and central temperature inversions. We show that methods with modern SPH schemes that allow entropy mixing span the range between these two extremes and the latest SPH variants produce gas entropy profiles that are essentially indistinguishable from those obtained with grid-based methods.",
keywords = "Cosmology: theory, Dark matter, Galaxies: haloes, Methods: numerical",
author = "Federico Sembolini and Gustavo Yepes and Pearce, {Frazer R.} and Alexander Knebe and Kay, {Scott T.} and Chris Power and Weiguang Cui and Beck, {Alexander M.} and Stefano Borgani and Vecchia, {Claudio Dalla} and Romeel Dav{\'e} and Elahi, {Pascal Jahan} and Sean February and Shuiyao Huang and Alex Hobbs and Neal Katz and Erwin Lau and McCarthy, {Ian G.} and Guiseppe Murante and Daisuke Nagai and Kaylea Nelson and Newton, {Richard D.A.} and Valentin Perret and Ewald Puchwein and Read, {Justin I.} and Alexandro Saro and Joop Schaye and Romain Teyssier and Thacker, {Robert J.}",
note = "Funding Information: The authors would like to express special thanks to the Instituto de Fisica Teorica (IFT-UAM/CSIC in Madrid) for its hospitality and support, via the Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa Program under Grant No. SEV-2012-0249, during the three-week workshop ''nIFTy Cosmology'' where this work developed. We further acknowledge the financial support of the University of Western 2014 Australia Research Collaboration Award for ''Fast Approximate Synthetic Universes for the SKA'', the ARC Centre of Excellence for All Sky Astrophysics (CAASTRO) grant number CE110001020, and the two ARC Discovery ProjectsDP130100117 and DP140100198. We also recognize support from the Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM) for the workshop infrastructure. AKis supported by the Ministerio de Econom{\'i}a y Competitividad (MINECO) in Spain through grant AYA2012-31101 as well as the Consolider-Ingenio 2010 Programme of the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci{\'o}n (MICINN) under grant MultiDark CSD2009- 00064. He also acknowledges support from the Australian Research Council (ARC) grants DP130100117 and DP140100198. He further thanks France Gall for le coeur qui jazze. CP acknowledges support of the Australian Research Council (ARC) through Future Fellowship FT130100041 and Discovery Project DP140100198. WC and CP acknowledge support of ARC DP130100117. EP acknowledges support by the ERC grant ''The Emergence of Structure during the epoch of Reionization''. STK acknowledges support from STFC through grant ST/L000768/1. RJT acknowledges support via a Discovery Grant from NSERC and the Canada Research Chairs program. Simulations were run on the CFI-NSRIT funded Saint Mary''s Computational Astrophysics Laboratory. SB and GM acknowledge support from the PRIN-MIUR 2012 Grant ''The Evolution of Cosmic Baryons'' funded by the Italian Minister of University and Research, by the PRIN-INAF 2012 Grant ''Multi-scale Simulations of Cosmic Structures'', by the INFN INDARK Grant and by the ''Consorzio per la Fisica di Trieste''. IGM acknowledges support from a STFC Advanced Fellowship. PJE is supported by the SSimPL program and the Sydney Institute for Astronomy (SIfA), DP130100117. JIR acknowledges support from SNF grant PP00P2 128540/1. CDV acknowledges financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) through the 2011 Severo Ochoa Program MINECO SEV-2011-0187 and the AYA2013-46886-P grant. AMB is supported by the DFG Research Unit 1254 ''Magnetisation of Interstellar and Intergalactic Media'' and by the DFG Cluster of Excellence ''Origin and Structure of the Universe''. RDAN acknowledges the support received from the Jim Buckee Fellowship. The AREPO simulations were performed with resources awarded through STFCs DiRAC initiative. The authors thank Volger Springel for helpful discussions and for making AREPO and the original GADGET version available for this project. G3-PESPH simulations were carried out using resources at the Center for High Performance Computing in Cape Town, South Africa. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2016 The Authors. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society.",
year = "2016",
month = feb,
day = "10",
doi = "10.1093/mnras/stw250",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "457",
pages = "4063--4080",
journal = "Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society",
issn = "0035-8711",
publisher = "Oxford University Press",
number = "4",
}