Modeling cross-correlations for passive source, controlled source, and drill bit interferometry

In seismic interferometry, noise cross-correlations provide information about sources and reflectors at depth. To help interpret these data we present a forward modeling procedure that accommodates noise with arbitrary spatial and frequency dependence. Noise cross-correlations from this approach are compared for various excitation models, including two drill bit noise models. To demonstrate the generality of the method, connections with controlled source and passive source interferometry are explored through end member cases. By combining various types of noise excitation in a single modeling framework, the approach provides a tool for interpreting data and generating synthetics with flexibility for dealing with uncertain noise distributions and complicated exploration scenarios.