Measures of epitope binding degeneracy from T cell receptor repertoires

Andreas Mayer, Curtis G. Callan

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

11 Scopus citations

Abstract

Adaptive immunity is driven by specific binding of hypervariable receptors to diverse molecular targets. The sequence diversity of receptors and targets are both individually known but because multiple receptors can recognize the same target, a measure of the effective “functional” diversity of the human immune system has remained elusive. Here, we show that sequence near-coincidences within T cell receptors that bind specific epitopes provide a new window into this problem and allow the quantification of how binding probability covaries with sequence. We find that near-coincidence statistics within epitope-specific repertoires imply a measure of binding degeneracy to amino acid changes in receptor sequence that is consistent across disparate experiments. Paired data on both chains of the heterodimeric receptor are particularly revealing since simultaneous near-coincidences are rare and we show how they can be exploited to estimate the number of epitope responses that created the memory compartment. In addition, we find that paired-chain coincidences are strongly suppressed across donors with different human leukocyte antigens, evidence for a central role of antigen-driven selection in making paired chain receptors public. These results demonstrate the power of coincidence analysis to reveal the sequence determinants of epitope binding in receptor repertoires.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Article numbere2213264120
JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Volume120
Issue number4
DOIs
StatePublished - Jan 24 2023

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

  • General

Keywords

  • T cells
  • receptor-ligand binding
  • repertoire sequencing
  • specificity

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