Low recycling regime in ITER and the LiWall concept for its divertor

The low recycling regime, although never considered as an option for ITER, may suggest a solution to its important issues, such as edge localized modes, plasma and particle control, tritium inventory, damage of plasma facing components and dust accumulation, in a way consistent with both the ITER mission (including the ignition) and its baseline design and safety. Such a regime can be approached using liquid lithium surfaces efficiently pumping hydrogen isotopes. An active area of about 40 m², covered by ≃0.1 mm thick lithium, which is replenished with the rate of 10 kg/h would be capable of absorption of plasma D and T particles and at the same time consistent with the ITER limitations regarding lithium. For low recycling conditions, a new consideration is outlined for the helium ash pumping problem.