Looping back to leap forward: Transcription enters a new era

Michael Levine; Claudia Cattoglio; Robert Tjian

doi:10.1016/j.cell.2014.02.009

Looping back to leap forward: Transcription enters a new era

Michael Levine, Claudia Cattoglio, Robert Tjian

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

353 Scopus citations

Abstract

Comparative genome analyses reveal that organismal complexity scales not with gene number but with gene regulation. Recent efforts indicate that the human genome likely contains hundreds of thousands of enhancers, with a typical gene embedded in a milieu of tens of enhancers. Proliferation of cis-regulatory DNAs is accompanied by increased complexity and functional diversification of transcriptional machineries recognizing distal enhancers and core promoters and by the high-order spatial organization of genetic elements. We review progress in unraveling one of the outstanding mysteries of modern biology: the dynamic communication of remote enhancers with target promoters in the specification of cellular identity.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	13-25
Number of pages	13
Journal	Cell
Volume	157
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2014.02.009
State	Published - Mar 27 2014
Externally published	Yes

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

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10.1016/j.cell.2014.02.009

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title = "Looping back to leap forward: Transcription enters a new era",

abstract = "Comparative genome analyses reveal that organismal complexity scales not with gene number but with gene regulation. Recent efforts indicate that the human genome likely contains hundreds of thousands of enhancers, with a typical gene embedded in a milieu of tens of enhancers. Proliferation of cis-regulatory DNAs is accompanied by increased complexity and functional diversification of transcriptional machineries recognizing distal enhancers and core promoters and by the high-order spatial organization of genetic elements. We review progress in unraveling one of the outstanding mysteries of modern biology: the dynamic communication of remote enhancers with target promoters in the specification of cellular identity.",

author = "Michael Levine and Claudia Cattoglio and Robert Tjian",

note = "Funding Information: R.T. and C.C. would like to acknowledge the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM) for the Research grant (RB4-06016) to R.T. M.L. is supported by grants from the NIH (GM34431 and GM46638). C.C. has been a postdoctoral fellow of California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM training program TG2-01164).",

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doi = "10.1016/j.cell.2014.02.009",

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T1 - Looping back to leap forward

T2 - Transcription enters a new era

AU - Levine, Michael

AU - Cattoglio, Claudia

AU - Tjian, Robert

N1 - Funding Information: R.T. and C.C. would like to acknowledge the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM) for the Research grant (RB4-06016) to R.T. M.L. is supported by grants from the NIH (GM34431 and GM46638). C.C. has been a postdoctoral fellow of California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM training program TG2-01164).

PY - 2014/3/27

Y1 - 2014/3/27

N2 - Comparative genome analyses reveal that organismal complexity scales not with gene number but with gene regulation. Recent efforts indicate that the human genome likely contains hundreds of thousands of enhancers, with a typical gene embedded in a milieu of tens of enhancers. Proliferation of cis-regulatory DNAs is accompanied by increased complexity and functional diversification of transcriptional machineries recognizing distal enhancers and core promoters and by the high-order spatial organization of genetic elements. We review progress in unraveling one of the outstanding mysteries of modern biology: the dynamic communication of remote enhancers with target promoters in the specification of cellular identity.

AB - Comparative genome analyses reveal that organismal complexity scales not with gene number but with gene regulation. Recent efforts indicate that the human genome likely contains hundreds of thousands of enhancers, with a typical gene embedded in a milieu of tens of enhancers. Proliferation of cis-regulatory DNAs is accompanied by increased complexity and functional diversification of transcriptional machineries recognizing distal enhancers and core promoters and by the high-order spatial organization of genetic elements. We review progress in unraveling one of the outstanding mysteries of modern biology: the dynamic communication of remote enhancers with target promoters in the specification of cellular identity.

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Looping back to leap forward: Transcription enters a new era

Abstract

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