Long-term (10⁵) or short-term (10³) δ¹³C excursion near the Palaeocene-Eocene transition: Evidence from the Tethys

Expanded sedimentary records from the Tethys reveal unique faunal and isotopic changes across the Palaeocene-Eocene (P-E) transition. Unlike in the open oceans, the Tethys exhibits a gradual decrease of 1.5‰ in δ¹³C values prior to the rapid δ¹³C excursion. Associated with the δ¹³C excursion is a decrease in calcite burial, increase in detrital content and appearance of a unique opportunistic planktic foraminiferal assemblage (e.g. compressed acarininids). The existence of a prelude decrease in δ¹³C values in the Tethys suggests that the P-E δ¹³C excursion may have occurred in two steps and over a few hundred thousand years, rather than as one step over a few thousand years as previously suggested. This slower excursion rate is readily explained by changing organic carbon weathering or burial rates and avoids the need of invoking ad hoc scenarios.