@article{a75e1384e8e54c2f8b3cf582bcce53ec,
title = "Lagrangian Timescales of Southern Ocean Upwelling in a Hierarchy of Model Resolutions",
abstract = "In this paper we study upwelling pathways and timescales of Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) in a hierarchy of models using a Lagrangian particle tracking method. Lagrangian timescales of CDW upwelling decrease from 87 years to 31 years to 17 years as the ocean resolution is refined from 1° to 0.25° to 0.1°. We attribute some of the differences in timescale to the strength of the eddy fields, as demonstrated by temporally degrading high-resolution model velocity fields. Consistent with the timescale dependence, we find that an average Lagrangian particle completes 3.2 circumpolar loops in the 1° model in comparison to 0.9 loops in the 0.1° model. These differences suggest that advective timescales and thus interbasin merging of upwelling CDW may be overestimated by coarse-resolution models, potentially affecting the skill of centennial scale climate change projections.",
keywords = "Circumpolar Deep Water, Southern Ocean, eddy parameterization, meridional overturning circulation, ocean modeling, upwelling",
author = "Drake, {Henri F.} and Morrison, {Adele K.} and Griffies, {Stephen M.} and Sarmiento, {Jorge Louis} and Wilbert Weijer and Gray, {Alison R.}",
note = "Funding Information: H. F. D. was fully supported by and all other authors (except S. M. G.) were partially supported by Department of Energy{\textquoteright}s RGCM program through grant DE-SC0012457. J. L. S. and A. R. G. were partially supported by Southern Ocean Carbon and Climate Observation and Modeling through grant PLR-1425989. A. R. G. was supported by the Climate and Global Change Postdoctoral Fellowship from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. A. K. M. was supported by the Australian Research Council DECRA Fellowship DE170100184. We thank Carolina Dufour, Nathaniel Tarshish, Raffaele Ferrari, and Gregory Wagner for insightful discussion and Mike Winton and John Dunne at GFDL for their support of this project. We also thank the Editor and three anonymous reviewers, whose comments greatly helped clarify our presentation. Code and data are freely available at https://github.com/hdrake/ so_lagrangian_upwelling. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright}2018. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.",
year = "2018",
month = jan,
day = "28",
doi = "10.1002/2017GL076045",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "45",
pages = "891--898",
journal = "Geophysical Research Letters",
issn = "0094-8276",
publisher = "American Geophysical Union",
number = "2",
}