Kepler-9: A system of multiple planets transiting a sun-like star, confirmed by timing variations

Matthew J. Holman; Daniel C. Fabrycky; Darin Ragozzine; Eric B. Ford; Jason H. Steffen; William F. Welsh; Jack J. Lissauer; David W. Latham; Geoffrey W. Marcy; Lucianne M. Walkowicz; Natalie M. Batalha; Jon M. Jenkins; Jason F. Rowe; William D. Cochran; Francois Fressin; Guillermo Torres; Lars A. Buchhave; Dimitar D. Sasselov; William J. Borucki; David G. Koch; Gibor Basri; Timothy M. Brown; Douglas A. Caldwell; David Charbonneau; Edward W. Dunham; Thomas N. Gautier; John C. Geary; Ronald L. Gilliland; Michael R. Haas; Steve B. Howell; David R. Ciardi; Michael Endl; Debra Fischer; Gábor Fürész; Joel D. Hartman; Howard Isaacson; John A. Johnson; Phillip J. MacQueen; Althea V. Moorhead; Robert C. Morehead; Jerome A. Orosz

doi:10.1126/science.1195778

Kepler-9: A system of multiple planets transiting a sun-like star, confirmed by timing variations

Matthew J. Holman, Daniel C. Fabrycky, Darin Ragozzine, Eric B. Ford, Jason H. Steffen, William F. Welsh, Jack J. Lissauer, David W. Latham, Geoffrey W. Marcy, Lucianne M. Walkowicz, Natalie M. Batalha, Jon M. Jenkins, Jason F. Rowe, William D. Cochran, Francois Fressin, Guillermo Torres, Lars A. Buchhave, Dimitar D. Sasselov, William J. Borucki, David G. KochGibor Basri, Timothy M. Brown, Douglas A. Caldwell, David Charbonneau, Edward W. Dunham, Thomas N. Gautier, John C. Geary, Ronald L. Gilliland, Michael R. Haas, Steve B. Howell, David R. Ciardi, Michael Endl, Debra Fischer, Gábor Fürész, Joel D. Hartman, Howard Isaacson, John A. Johnson, Phillip J. MacQueen, Althea V. Moorhead, Robert C. Morehead, Jerome A. Orosz

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Abstract

The Kepler spacecraft is monitoring more than 150,000 stars for evidence of planets transiting those stars. We report the detection of two Saturn-size planets that transit the same Sun-like star, based on 7 months of Kepler observations. Their 19.2- and 38.9-day periods are presently increasing and decreasing at respective average rates of 4 and 39 minutes per orbit; in addition, the transit times of the inner body display an alternating variation of smaller amplitude. These signatures are characteristic of gravitational interaction of two planets near a 2:1 orbital resonance. Six radial-velocity observations show that these two planets are the most massive objects orbiting close to the star and substantially improve the estimates of their masses. After removing the signal of the two confirmed giant planets, we identified an additional transiting super-Earth-size planet candidate with a period of 1.6 days.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	51-54
Number of pages	4
Journal	Science
Volume	330
Issue number	6000
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1195778
State	Published - Oct 1 2010
Externally published	Yes

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Holman, M. J., Fabrycky, D. C., Ragozzine, D., Ford, E. B., Steffen, J. H., Welsh, W. F., Lissauer, J. J., Latham, D. W., Marcy, G. W., Walkowicz, L. M., Batalha, N. M., Jenkins, J. M., Rowe, J. F., Cochran, W. D., Fressin, F., Torres, G., Buchhave, L. A., Sasselov, D. D., Borucki, W. J., ... Orosz, J. A. (2010). Kepler-9: A system of multiple planets transiting a sun-like star, confirmed by timing variations. Science, 330(6000), 51-54. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1195778

@article{781dba2fdec84e7fa9c5f707468a71a7,

title = "Kepler-9: A system of multiple planets transiting a sun-like star, confirmed by timing variations",

abstract = "The Kepler spacecraft is monitoring more than 150,000 stars for evidence of planets transiting those stars. We report the detection of two Saturn-size planets that transit the same Sun-like star, based on 7 months of Kepler observations. Their 19.2- and 38.9-day periods are presently increasing and decreasing at respective average rates of 4 and 39 minutes per orbit; in addition, the transit times of the inner body display an alternating variation of smaller amplitude. These signatures are characteristic of gravitational interaction of two planets near a 2:1 orbital resonance. Six radial-velocity observations show that these two planets are the most massive objects orbiting close to the star and substantially improve the estimates of their masses. After removing the signal of the two confirmed giant planets, we identified an additional transiting super-Earth-size planet candidate with a period of 1.6 days.",

author = "Holman, {Matthew J.} and Fabrycky, {Daniel C.} and Darin Ragozzine and Ford, {Eric B.} and Steffen, {Jason H.} and Welsh, {William F.} and Lissauer, {Jack J.} and Latham, {David W.} and Marcy, {Geoffrey W.} and Walkowicz, {Lucianne M.} and Batalha, {Natalie M.} and Jenkins, {Jon M.} and Rowe, {Jason F.} and Cochran, {William D.} and Francois Fressin and Guillermo Torres and Buchhave, {Lars A.} and Sasselov, {Dimitar D.} and Borucki, {William J.} and Koch, {David G.} and Gibor Basri and Brown, {Timothy M.} and Caldwell, {Douglas A.} and David Charbonneau and Dunham, {Edward W.} and Gautier, {Thomas N.} and Geary, {John C.} and Gilliland, {Ronald L.} and Haas, {Michael R.} and Howell, {Steve B.} and Ciardi, {David R.} and Michael Endl and Debra Fischer and G{\'a}bor F{\"u}r{\'e}sz and Hartman, {Joel D.} and Howard Isaacson and Johnson, {John A.} and MacQueen, {Phillip J.} and Moorhead, {Althea V.} and Morehead, {Robert C.} and Orosz, {Jerome A.}",

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doi = "10.1126/science.1195778",

language = "English (US)",

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Holman, MJ, Fabrycky, DC, Ragozzine, D, Ford, EB, Steffen, JH, Welsh, WF, Lissauer, JJ, Latham, DW, Marcy, GW, Walkowicz, LM, Batalha, NM, Jenkins, JM, Rowe, JF, Cochran, WD, Fressin, F, Torres, G, Buchhave, LA, Sasselov, DD, Borucki, WJ, Koch, DG, Basri, G, Brown, TM, Caldwell, DA, Charbonneau, D, Dunham, EW, Gautier, TN, Geary, JC, Gilliland, RL, Haas, MR, Howell, SB, Ciardi, DR, Endl, M, Fischer, D, Fürész, G, Hartman, JD, Isaacson, H, Johnson, JA, MacQueen, PJ, Moorhead, AV, Morehead, RC & Orosz, JA 2010, 'Kepler-9: A system of multiple planets transiting a sun-like star, confirmed by timing variations', Science, vol. 330, no. 6000, pp. 51-54. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1195778

TY - JOUR

T1 - Kepler-9

T2 - A system of multiple planets transiting a sun-like star, confirmed by timing variations

AU - Holman, Matthew J.

AU - Fabrycky, Daniel C.

AU - Ragozzine, Darin

AU - Ford, Eric B.

AU - Steffen, Jason H.

AU - Welsh, William F.

AU - Lissauer, Jack J.

AU - Latham, David W.

AU - Marcy, Geoffrey W.

AU - Walkowicz, Lucianne M.

AU - Batalha, Natalie M.

AU - Jenkins, Jon M.

AU - Rowe, Jason F.

AU - Cochran, William D.

AU - Fressin, Francois

AU - Torres, Guillermo

AU - Buchhave, Lars A.

AU - Sasselov, Dimitar D.

AU - Borucki, William J.

AU - Koch, David G.

AU - Basri, Gibor

AU - Brown, Timothy M.

AU - Caldwell, Douglas A.

AU - Charbonneau, David

AU - Dunham, Edward W.

AU - Gautier, Thomas N.

AU - Geary, John C.

AU - Gilliland, Ronald L.

AU - Haas, Michael R.

AU - Howell, Steve B.

AU - Ciardi, David R.

AU - Endl, Michael

AU - Fischer, Debra

AU - Fürész, Gábor

AU - Hartman, Joel D.

AU - Isaacson, Howard

AU - Johnson, John A.

AU - MacQueen, Phillip J.

AU - Moorhead, Althea V.

AU - Morehead, Robert C.

AU - Orosz, Jerome A.

PY - 2010/10/1

Y1 - 2010/10/1

N2 - The Kepler spacecraft is monitoring more than 150,000 stars for evidence of planets transiting those stars. We report the detection of two Saturn-size planets that transit the same Sun-like star, based on 7 months of Kepler observations. Their 19.2- and 38.9-day periods are presently increasing and decreasing at respective average rates of 4 and 39 minutes per orbit; in addition, the transit times of the inner body display an alternating variation of smaller amplitude. These signatures are characteristic of gravitational interaction of two planets near a 2:1 orbital resonance. Six radial-velocity observations show that these two planets are the most massive objects orbiting close to the star and substantially improve the estimates of their masses. After removing the signal of the two confirmed giant planets, we identified an additional transiting super-Earth-size planet candidate with a period of 1.6 days.

AB - The Kepler spacecraft is monitoring more than 150,000 stars for evidence of planets transiting those stars. We report the detection of two Saturn-size planets that transit the same Sun-like star, based on 7 months of Kepler observations. Their 19.2- and 38.9-day periods are presently increasing and decreasing at respective average rates of 4 and 39 minutes per orbit; in addition, the transit times of the inner body display an alternating variation of smaller amplitude. These signatures are characteristic of gravitational interaction of two planets near a 2:1 orbital resonance. Six radial-velocity observations show that these two planets are the most massive objects orbiting close to the star and substantially improve the estimates of their masses. After removing the signal of the two confirmed giant planets, we identified an additional transiting super-Earth-size planet candidate with a period of 1.6 days.

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U2 - 10.1126/science.1195778

DO - 10.1126/science.1195778

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SN - 0036-8075

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EP - 54

JO - Science

JF - Science

IS - 6000

ER -

Kepler-9: A system of multiple planets transiting a sun-like star, confirmed by timing variations

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