Kepler-18b, c, and d: A system of three planets confirmed by transit timing variations, light curve validation, Warm-Spitzer photometry, and radial velocity measurements

William D. Cochran; Daniel C. Fabrycky; Guillermo Torres; François Fressin; Jean Michel Désert; Darin Ragozzine; Dimitar Sasselov; Jonathan J. Fortney; Jason F. Rowe; Erik J. Brugamyer; Stephen T. Bryson; Joshua A. Carter; David R. Ciardi; Steve B. Howell; Jason H. Steffen; William J. Borucki; David G. Koch; Joshua N. Winn; William F. Welsh; Kamal Uddin; Peter Tenenbaum; M. Still; Sara Seager; Samuel N. Quinn; F. Mullally; Neil Miller; Geoffrey W. Marcy; Phillip J. MacQueen; Phillip Lucas; Jack J. Lissauer; David W. Latham; Heather Knutson; K. Kinemuchi; John A. Johnson; Jon M. Jenkins; Howard Isaacson; Andrew Howard; Elliott Horch; Matthew J. Holman; Christopher E. Henze; Michael R. Haas; Ronald L. Gilliland; Thomas N. Gautier; Eric B. Ford; Debra A. Fischer; Mark Everett; Michael Endl; Brice Oliver Demory; Drake Deming; David Charbonneau; Douglas Caldwell; Lars Buchhave; Timothy M. Brown; Natalie Batalha

doi:10.1088/0067-0049/197/1/7

Kepler-18b, c, and d: A system of three planets confirmed by transit timing variations, light curve validation, Warm-Spitzer photometry, and radial velocity measurements

William D. Cochran, Daniel C. Fabrycky, Guillermo Torres, François Fressin, Jean Michel Désert, Darin Ragozzine, Dimitar Sasselov, Jonathan J. Fortney, Jason F. Rowe, Erik J. Brugamyer, Stephen T. Bryson, Joshua A. Carter, David R. Ciardi, Steve B. Howell, Jason H. Steffen, William J. Borucki, David G. Koch, Joshua N. Winn, William F. Welsh, Kamal UddinPeter Tenenbaum, M. Still, Sara Seager, Samuel N. Quinn, F. Mullally, Neil Miller, Geoffrey W. Marcy, Phillip J. MacQueen, Phillip Lucas, Jack J. Lissauer, David W. Latham, Heather Knutson, K. Kinemuchi, John A. Johnson, Jon M. Jenkins, Howard Isaacson, Andrew Howard, Elliott Horch, Matthew J. Holman, Christopher E. Henze, Michael R. Haas, Ronald L. Gilliland, Thomas N. Gautier, Eric B. Ford, Debra A. Fischer, Mark Everett, Michael Endl, Brice Oliver Demory, Drake Deming, David Charbonneau, Douglas Caldwell, Lars Buchhave, Timothy M. Brown, Natalie Batalha

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

152 Scopus citations

Abstract

We report the detection of three transiting planets around a Sun-like star, which we designate Kepler-18. The transit signals were detected in photometric data from the Kepler satellite, and were confirmed to arise from planets using a combination of large transit-timing variations (TTVs), radial velocity variations, Warm-Spitzer observations, and statistical analysis of false-positive probabilities. The Kepler-18 star has a mass of 0.97 M _⊙, a radius of 1.1 R _⊙, an effective temperature of 5345K, and an iron abundance of [Fe/H] = +0.19. The planets have orbital periods of approximately 3.5, 7.6, and 14.9 days. The innermost planet "b" is a "super-Earth" with a mass of 6.9 ± 3.4 M _⊕, a radius of 2.00 ± 0.10 R _⊕, and a mean density of 4.9 ± 2.4gcm³. The two outer planets "c" and "d" are both low-density Neptune-mass planets. Kepler-18c has a mass of 17.3 ± 1.9 M _⊕, a radius of 5.49 ± 0.26 R _⊕, and a mean density of 0.59 0.07gcm ³, while Kepler-18d has a mass of 16.4 ± 1.4 M _⊕, a radius of 6.98 ± 0.33 R _⊕ and a mean density of 0.27 ± 0.03gcm³. Kepler-18c and Kepler-18d have orbital periods near a 2:1 mean-motion resonance, leading to large and readily detected TTVs.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	7
Journal	Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series
Volume	197
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1088/0067-0049/197/1/7
State	Published - Nov 2011
Externally published	Yes

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Astronomy and Astrophysics
Space and Planetary Science

Keywords

planetary systems
stars: individual (Kepler-18, KIC 8644288, 2MASS J19521906+4444467)
techniques: photometric
techniques: spectroscopic

Access to Document

10.1088/0067-0049/197/1/7

Cite this

Cochran, W. D., Fabrycky, D. C., Torres, G., Fressin, F., Désert, J. M., Ragozzine, D., Sasselov, D., Fortney, J. J., Rowe, J. F., Brugamyer, E. J., Bryson, S. T., Carter, J. A., Ciardi, D. R., Howell, S. B., Steffen, J. H., Borucki, W. J., Koch, D. G., Winn, J. N., Welsh, W. F., ... Batalha, N. (2011). Kepler-18b, c, and d: A system of three planets confirmed by transit timing variations, light curve validation, Warm-Spitzer photometry, and radial velocity measurements. Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series, 197(1), Article 7. https://doi.org/10.1088/0067-0049/197/1/7

@article{91fd0f3656b84664882d3c6e07fedb9b,

title = "Kepler-18b, c, and d: A system of three planets confirmed by transit timing variations, light curve validation, Warm-Spitzer photometry, and radial velocity measurements",

abstract = "We report the detection of three transiting planets around a Sun-like star, which we designate Kepler-18. The transit signals were detected in photometric data from the Kepler satellite, and were confirmed to arise from planets using a combination of large transit-timing variations (TTVs), radial velocity variations, Warm-Spitzer observations, and statistical analysis of false-positive probabilities. The Kepler-18 star has a mass of 0.97 M ⊙, a radius of 1.1 R ⊙, an effective temperature of 5345K, and an iron abundance of [Fe/H] = +0.19. The planets have orbital periods of approximately 3.5, 7.6, and 14.9 days. The innermost planet {"}b{"} is a {"}super-Earth{"} with a mass of 6.9 ± 3.4 M ⊕, a radius of 2.00 ± 0.10 R ⊕, and a mean density of 4.9 ± 2.4gcm3. The two outer planets {"}c{"} and {"}d{"} are both low-density Neptune-mass planets. Kepler-18c has a mass of 17.3 ± 1.9 M ⊕, a radius of 5.49 ± 0.26 R ⊕, and a mean density of 0.59 0.07gcm 3, while Kepler-18d has a mass of 16.4 ± 1.4 M ⊕, a radius of 6.98 ± 0.33 R ⊕ and a mean density of 0.27 ± 0.03gcm3. Kepler-18c and Kepler-18d have orbital periods near a 2:1 mean-motion resonance, leading to large and readily detected TTVs.",

keywords = "planetary systems, stars: individual (Kepler-18, KIC 8644288, 2MASS J19521906+4444467), techniques: photometric, techniques: spectroscopic",

author = "Cochran, {William D.} and Fabrycky, {Daniel C.} and Guillermo Torres and Fran{\c c}ois Fressin and D{\'e}sert, {Jean Michel} and Darin Ragozzine and Dimitar Sasselov and Fortney, {Jonathan J.} and Rowe, {Jason F.} and Brugamyer, {Erik J.} and Bryson, {Stephen T.} and Carter, {Joshua A.} and Ciardi, {David R.} and Howell, {Steve B.} and Steffen, {Jason H.} and Borucki, {William J.} and Koch, {David G.} and Winn, {Joshua N.} and Welsh, {William F.} and Kamal Uddin and Peter Tenenbaum and M. Still and Sara Seager and Quinn, {Samuel N.} and F. Mullally and Neil Miller and Marcy, {Geoffrey W.} and MacQueen, {Phillip J.} and Phillip Lucas and Lissauer, {Jack J.} and Latham, {David W.} and Heather Knutson and K. Kinemuchi and Johnson, {John A.} and Jenkins, {Jon M.} and Howard Isaacson and Andrew Howard and Elliott Horch and Holman, {Matthew J.} and Henze, {Christopher E.} and Haas, {Michael R.} and Gilliland, {Ronald L.} and Gautier, {Thomas N.} and Ford, {Eric B.} and Fischer, {Debra A.} and Mark Everett and Michael Endl and Demory, {Brice Oliver} and Drake Deming and David Charbonneau and Douglas Caldwell and Lars Buchhave and Brown, {Timothy M.} and Natalie Batalha",

year = "2011",

month = nov,

doi = "10.1088/0067-0049/197/1/7",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "197",

journal = "Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series",

issn = "0067-0049",

publisher = "IOP Publishing Ltd.",

number = "1",

}

Cochran, WD, Fabrycky, DC, Torres, G, Fressin, F, Désert, JM, Ragozzine, D, Sasselov, D, Fortney, JJ, Rowe, JF, Brugamyer, EJ, Bryson, ST, Carter, JA, Ciardi, DR, Howell, SB, Steffen, JH, Borucki, WJ, Koch, DG, Winn, JN, Welsh, WF, Uddin, K, Tenenbaum, P, Still, M, Seager, S, Quinn, SN, Mullally, F, Miller, N, Marcy, GW, MacQueen, PJ, Lucas, P, Lissauer, JJ, Latham, DW, Knutson, H, Kinemuchi, K, Johnson, JA, Jenkins, JM, Isaacson, H, Howard, A, Horch, E, Holman, MJ, Henze, CE, Haas, MR, Gilliland, RL, Gautier, TN, Ford, EB, Fischer, DA, Everett, M, Endl, M, Demory, BO, Deming, D, Charbonneau, D, Caldwell, D, Buchhave, L, Brown, TM & Batalha, N 2011, 'Kepler-18b, c, and d: A system of three planets confirmed by transit timing variations, light curve validation, Warm-Spitzer photometry, and radial velocity measurements', Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series, vol. 197, no. 1, 7. https://doi.org/10.1088/0067-0049/197/1/7

Kepler-18b, c, and d: A system of three planets confirmed by transit timing variations, light curve validation, Warm-Spitzer photometry, and radial velocity measurements. / Cochran, William D.; Fabrycky, Daniel C.; Torres, Guillermo et al.
In: Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series, Vol. 197, No. 1, 7, 11.2011.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Kepler-18b, c, and d

T2 - A system of three planets confirmed by transit timing variations, light curve validation, Warm-Spitzer photometry, and radial velocity measurements

AU - Cochran, William D.

AU - Fabrycky, Daniel C.

AU - Torres, Guillermo

AU - Fressin, François

AU - Désert, Jean Michel

AU - Ragozzine, Darin

AU - Sasselov, Dimitar

AU - Fortney, Jonathan J.

AU - Rowe, Jason F.

AU - Brugamyer, Erik J.

AU - Bryson, Stephen T.

AU - Carter, Joshua A.

AU - Ciardi, David R.

AU - Howell, Steve B.

AU - Steffen, Jason H.

AU - Borucki, William J.

AU - Koch, David G.

AU - Winn, Joshua N.

AU - Welsh, William F.

AU - Uddin, Kamal

AU - Tenenbaum, Peter

AU - Still, M.

AU - Seager, Sara

AU - Quinn, Samuel N.

AU - Mullally, F.

AU - Miller, Neil

AU - Marcy, Geoffrey W.

AU - MacQueen, Phillip J.

AU - Lucas, Phillip

AU - Lissauer, Jack J.

AU - Latham, David W.

AU - Knutson, Heather

AU - Kinemuchi, K.

AU - Johnson, John A.

AU - Jenkins, Jon M.

AU - Isaacson, Howard

AU - Howard, Andrew

AU - Horch, Elliott

AU - Holman, Matthew J.

AU - Henze, Christopher E.

AU - Haas, Michael R.

AU - Gilliland, Ronald L.

AU - Gautier, Thomas N.

AU - Ford, Eric B.

AU - Fischer, Debra A.

AU - Everett, Mark

AU - Endl, Michael

AU - Demory, Brice Oliver

AU - Deming, Drake

AU - Charbonneau, David

AU - Caldwell, Douglas

AU - Buchhave, Lars

AU - Brown, Timothy M.

AU - Batalha, Natalie

PY - 2011/11

Y1 - 2011/11

N2 - We report the detection of three transiting planets around a Sun-like star, which we designate Kepler-18. The transit signals were detected in photometric data from the Kepler satellite, and were confirmed to arise from planets using a combination of large transit-timing variations (TTVs), radial velocity variations, Warm-Spitzer observations, and statistical analysis of false-positive probabilities. The Kepler-18 star has a mass of 0.97 M ⊙, a radius of 1.1 R ⊙, an effective temperature of 5345K, and an iron abundance of [Fe/H] = +0.19. The planets have orbital periods of approximately 3.5, 7.6, and 14.9 days. The innermost planet "b" is a "super-Earth" with a mass of 6.9 ± 3.4 M ⊕, a radius of 2.00 ± 0.10 R ⊕, and a mean density of 4.9 ± 2.4gcm3. The two outer planets "c" and "d" are both low-density Neptune-mass planets. Kepler-18c has a mass of 17.3 ± 1.9 M ⊕, a radius of 5.49 ± 0.26 R ⊕, and a mean density of 0.59 0.07gcm 3, while Kepler-18d has a mass of 16.4 ± 1.4 M ⊕, a radius of 6.98 ± 0.33 R ⊕ and a mean density of 0.27 ± 0.03gcm3. Kepler-18c and Kepler-18d have orbital periods near a 2:1 mean-motion resonance, leading to large and readily detected TTVs.

AB - We report the detection of three transiting planets around a Sun-like star, which we designate Kepler-18. The transit signals were detected in photometric data from the Kepler satellite, and were confirmed to arise from planets using a combination of large transit-timing variations (TTVs), radial velocity variations, Warm-Spitzer observations, and statistical analysis of false-positive probabilities. The Kepler-18 star has a mass of 0.97 M ⊙, a radius of 1.1 R ⊙, an effective temperature of 5345K, and an iron abundance of [Fe/H] = +0.19. The planets have orbital periods of approximately 3.5, 7.6, and 14.9 days. The innermost planet "b" is a "super-Earth" with a mass of 6.9 ± 3.4 M ⊕, a radius of 2.00 ± 0.10 R ⊕, and a mean density of 4.9 ± 2.4gcm3. The two outer planets "c" and "d" are both low-density Neptune-mass planets. Kepler-18c has a mass of 17.3 ± 1.9 M ⊕, a radius of 5.49 ± 0.26 R ⊕, and a mean density of 0.59 0.07gcm 3, while Kepler-18d has a mass of 16.4 ± 1.4 M ⊕, a radius of 6.98 ± 0.33 R ⊕ and a mean density of 0.27 ± 0.03gcm3. Kepler-18c and Kepler-18d have orbital periods near a 2:1 mean-motion resonance, leading to large and readily detected TTVs.

KW - planetary systems

KW - stars: individual (Kepler-18, KIC 8644288, 2MASS J19521906+4444467)

KW - techniques: photometric

KW - techniques: spectroscopic

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=80655124817&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=80655124817&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1088/0067-0049/197/1/7

DO - 10.1088/0067-0049/197/1/7

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:80655124817

SN - 0067-0049

VL - 197

JO - Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series

JF - Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series

IS - 1

M1 - 7

ER -

Kepler-18b, c, and d: A system of three planets confirmed by transit timing variations, light curve validation, Warm-Spitzer photometry, and radial velocity measurements

Abstract

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Keywords

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this