Abstract
The paper reviews the new developments on the thermodynamic origin of kappa distributions and their generation in space plasmas. We present the correct formulation of kappa distributions that is consistent with thermodynamics. Then, we present the characterization of mechanisms that generate kappa distributions. There are three fundamental plasma conditions for the kappa distributions to be generated in space plasmas. Several applications of kappa distributions in space plasmas are presented and discussed. Finally, the thermodynamic validity of kappa distributions is presented. According to the zeroth law of thermodynamics, the most generalized form of particle distribution assigned with a temperature, is given by the kappa distributions, where temperature and kappa are two independent parameters spanning the 2-D abstract space of thermodynamics.
Original language | English (US) |
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Article number | 012017 |
Journal | Journal of Physics: Conference Series |
Volume | 1100 |
Issue number | 1 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Oct 24 2018 |
Externally published | Yes |
Event | 17th Annual International Astrophysics Conference, AIAC 2018 - Santa Fe, United States Duration: Mar 5 2018 → Mar 9 2018 |
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- General Physics and Astronomy