Kant and the Character of Mathematical Inference

Does Kant regard mathematical inference as a nonanalytic mode of inference relying essentially on pure intuition, or rather as advancing through strict conceptual analysis from synthetic premises? Commentators have found textual support for both readings, leading to incompatible accounts of the synthetic character of mathematical judgment. This paper develops a new argument establishing that Kant views mathematical inference as essentially dependent on extraconceptual resources. The paper also establishes that Kant employs “analysis” and its cognates in a number of senses in the critical period. In particular, he recognizes a notion of analysis directed to intuitions, thus distinct from conceptual analysis. This finding leads to a new reading of his famous description of mathematical inference as “proceeding in accordance with the Principle of Contradiction” (B14). Kant’s choice of the B14 formulation is explained as reflecting his desire to distance his own antilogicist theory of mathematical inference with its essential dependence on pure intuition from C. A. Crusius’s antiformalist theory of inference grounded in thinkability.