Jamming in hard sphere and disk packings

The term jamming is used in a different sense in the modeling of granular media, which includes effects such as friction, adhesion, particle deformability, etc., and, by definition, hard-sphere systems do not include these effects. As such, hard-sphere jamming is presented from rigorous perspective that focuses on the geometry of the final packed stats. It is noted that extensions of this work to packings of nonspherical particles are possible and the subject of current and future research.