Investigation on fuel-rich premixed flames of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Part I. Intermediate identification and mass spectrometric analysis

Fuel-rich premixed flames of seven monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (MAHs) including benzene, toluene, styrene, ethylbenzene, ortho-xylene, meta-xylene, and para-xylene were studied at the pressure of 30 Torr and comparable flame conditions (C/O = 0.68). The measurement of photoionization efficiency (PIE) spectra facilitated the comprehensive identification of combustion intermediates from m/z = 15 to 240, while mass spectrometric analysis was performed to gain insight into the flame chemistry. Features of the sidechain structure in fuel molecule affect the primary decomposition and aromatics growth processes, resulting in different isomeric structures or compositions of some primary products. This effect becomes weaker and weaker as both processes proceed. The results indicate that most intermediates are identical in all flames, leading to similar intermediate pools of these fuels. Consequently the chemical structures of flames fueled by different MAHs are almost identical, subsequent to the initial fuel-specific decomposition and oxidation that produce the primary intermediates. On the other hand, special features of the sidechain structure can affect the concentration levels of PAHs by increasing the concentrations of the key intermediates including the benzyl radical and phenylacetylene. Therefore, the total ion intensities of the PAH intermediates in the flames were observed to increase in the order of: benzene < toluene and styrene < four C₈H₁₀, which implies the same order of the sooting tendency.