@inbook{fd45233c8c7c47bfbd2f24549c36793b,
title = "Interannual Indian rainfall variability and Indian ocean sea surface temperature anomalies",
abstract = "It is shown that interannual variations in Indian continental rainfall during the southwest monsoon can be usefully represented by two regional rainfall indices. Indian rainfall is concentrated in two regions, each with strong mean and variance in precipitation: the Western Ghats (WG) and the Ganges-Mahanadi Basin (GB) region. Interannual variability of rainfall averaged over each of the two regions (WG and GB) is uncorrelated; however, the rainfall over these two regions together explains 90% of the interannual variance of All-India rainfall (AIR). The lack of correlation between WG and GB rainfall suggests that different mechanisms may account for their variability. During the period 1982-2001, rainfall variability over each of these two regions exhibits distinct relationships to Indian Ocean SST: warm SSTA over the western Arabian Sea at the monsoon onset is associated with increased WG rainfall (r = 0.77), while cool SSTA off of Java and Sumatra is associated with increased GB rainfall (r = −0.55). The connection between SSTA and AIR is considerably weaker, and represents the superposition of that associated with each region. We find the relationship with WG rainfall is robust, while that with GB results from a single exceptional year. Each region also exhibits distinct relationships to El Ni{\~n}o SSTA indices.",
author = "Vecchi, {Gabriel Andres} and Harrison, {D. E.}",
note = "Funding Information: This publication is funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO), under NOAA Cooperative Agreement No. NA17RJ11232, Contribution #943, by NOAA (OAR HQ and OGP) through UW/PMEL Hayes center, and by NASA{\textquoteright}s physical oceanography program. Analysis and graphics done using freeware package Ferret (http://ferret.wrc.noaa.gov/). This is PMEL contribution 2518. The global gridded rain gauge precipitation data (Version 1.0) is constructed and supplied by Dr Mike Hulme at the Climatic Research Unit, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; whose work has been supported by the UK Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions (Contract EPG 1/1/85). Indian sub-divisional rainfall is made available by Dr. B. Parthasarathy, Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune 411 008, India. Helpful comments, discussion and suggestions from N. Bond, J. Callahan, K. McHugh, and S. Ilcane. Funding Information: Acknowledgments. This publication is funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO), under NOAA Cooperative Agreement No. NA17RJ11232, Contribution #943, by NOAA (OAR HQ and OGP) through UW/PMEL Hayes center, and by NASA's physical oceanography program. Analysis and graphics done using freeware package Ferret (http://ferret.wrc.noaa.gov/). This is PMEL contribution 2518. The global gridded rain gauge precipitation data (Version 1.0) is constructed and supplied by Dr Mike Hulme at the Climatic Research Unit, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; whose work has been supported by the UK Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions (Contract EPG 1/1/85). Indian sub-divisional rainfall is made available by Dr. B. Parthasarathy, Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune 411 008, India. Helpful comments, discussion and suggestions from N. Bond, J. Callahan, K. McHugh, and S. Ilcane. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2004 by the American Geophysical Union.",
year = "2004",
doi = "10.1029/147GM14",
language = "English (US)",
isbn = "9780875904122",
series = "Geophysical Monograph Series",
publisher = "Blackwell Publishing Ltd.",
pages = "247--259",
editor = "S.P. Xie and J.A. Carton and C. Wang",
booktitle = "Earth?s Climate",
}