TY - JOUR
T1 - Influence of Bulky Organo-Ammonium Halide Additive Choice on the Flexibility and Efficiency of Perovskite Light-Emitting Devices
AU - Zhao, Lianfeng
AU - Rolston, Nicholas
AU - Lee, Kyung Min
AU - Zhao, Xunhua
AU - Reyes-Martinez, Marcos A.
AU - Tran, Nhu L.
AU - Yeh, Yao Wen
AU - Yao, Nan
AU - Scholes, Gregory D.
AU - Loo, Yueh Lin
AU - Selloni, Annabella
AU - Dauskardt, Reinhold H.
AU - Rand, Barry P.
N1 - Funding Information:
L.Z. and B.P.R. conceived the idea and designed the experiments. L.Z. developed the flexible perovskite LED fabrication process, characterized the LEDs, conducted the XRD, FIB, SEM, TEM, transmittance, and TRPL measurements. N.R. and R.H.D. conducted the fracture energy measurements. K.M.L. prepared the flexible silver nanowire substrates. X.Z. and A.S. conducted the first-principles calculations. M.A.R.-M. and Y.-L.L. measured the critical fracture strains. N.L.T. and G.D.S. measured the PLQY. Y.-W.Y. and N.Y. conducted the AFM measurements and assisted with the TEM measurements. L.Z. and B.P.R. wrote the manuscript. All authors discussed the results and contributed to the manuscript. The authors acknowledge research funding for this work from the ONR Young Investigator Program (Award No. N00014-17-1-2005). N.R. and R.H.D. were supported by a grant from the Bay Area Photovoltaics Consortium under Award No. DE-EE0004946. X.Z. and A.S. acknowledge use of the TIGRESS High-Performance Computer Center at Princeton University. N.R. acknowledges additional support from the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Award No. DGE-1656518. The authors acknowledge the usage of Princeton’s Imaging and Analysis Center which is partially supported by Princeton Center for Complex Materials from National Science Foundation (NSF)-MRSEC program (DMR-1420541).
Funding Information:
L.Z. and B.P.R. conceived the idea and designed the experiments. L.Z. developed the flexible perovskite LED fabrication process, characterized the LEDs, conducted the XRD, FIB, SEM, TEM, transmittance, and TRPL measurements. N.R. and R.H.D. conducted the fracture energy measurements. K.M.L. prepared the flexible silver nanowire substrates. X.Z. and A.S. conducted the first-principles calculations. M.A.R.-M. and Y.-L.L. measured the critical fracture strains. N.L.T. and G.D.S. measured the PLQY. Y.-W.Y. and N.Y. conducted the AFM measurements and assisted with the TEM measurements. L.Z. and B.P.R. wrote the manuscript. All authors discussed the results and contributed to the manuscript. The authors acknowledge research funding for this work from the ONR Young Investigator Program (Award No. N00014-17-1-2005). N.R. and R.H.D. were supported by a grant from the Bay Area Photovoltaics Consortium under Award No. DE-EE0004946. X.Z. and A.S. acknowledge use of the TIGRESS High-Performance Computer Center at Princeton University. N.R. acknowledges additional support from the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Award No. DGE-1656518. The authors acknowledge the usage of Princeton's Imaging and Analysis Center which is partially supported by Princeton Center for Complex Materials from National Science Foundation (NSF)-MRSEC program (DMR-1420541).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
PY - 2018/8/1
Y1 - 2018/8/1
N2 - Perovskite light-emitting diodes (LEDs) require small grain sizes to spatially confine charge carriers for efficient radiative recombination. As grain size decreases, passivation of surface defects becomes increasingly important. Additionally, polycrystalline perovskite films are highly brittle and mechanically fragile, limiting their practical applications in flexible electronics. In this work, the introduction of properly chosen bulky organo-ammonium halide additives is shown to be able to improve both optoelectronic and mechanical properties of perovskites, yielding highly efficient, robust, and flexible perovskite LEDs with external quantum efficiency of up to 13% and no degradation after bending for 10 000 cycles at a radius of 2 mm. Furthermore, insight of the improvements regarding molecular structure, size, and polarity at the atomic level is obtained with first-principles calculations, and design principles are provided to overcome trade-offs between optoelectronic and mechanical properties, thus increasing the scope for future highly efficient, robust, and flexible perovskite electronic device development.
AB - Perovskite light-emitting diodes (LEDs) require small grain sizes to spatially confine charge carriers for efficient radiative recombination. As grain size decreases, passivation of surface defects becomes increasingly important. Additionally, polycrystalline perovskite films are highly brittle and mechanically fragile, limiting their practical applications in flexible electronics. In this work, the introduction of properly chosen bulky organo-ammonium halide additives is shown to be able to improve both optoelectronic and mechanical properties of perovskites, yielding highly efficient, robust, and flexible perovskite LEDs with external quantum efficiency of up to 13% and no degradation after bending for 10 000 cycles at a radius of 2 mm. Furthermore, insight of the improvements regarding molecular structure, size, and polarity at the atomic level is obtained with first-principles calculations, and design principles are provided to overcome trade-offs between optoelectronic and mechanical properties, thus increasing the scope for future highly efficient, robust, and flexible perovskite electronic device development.
KW - flexible light-emitting diodes
KW - metal halide perovskite
KW - perovskite light-emitting diodes
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85051082740&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85051082740&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/adfm.201802060
DO - 10.1002/adfm.201802060
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85051082740
SN - 1616-301X
VL - 28
JO - Advanced Functional Materials
JF - Advanced Functional Materials
IS - 31
M1 - 1802060
ER -