@article{65e4cec4d6ad4d07937c88e617985b32,
title = "Individual stellar haloes of massive galaxies measured to 100 kpc at 0.3 < z < 0.5 using Hyper Suprime-Cam",
abstract = "Massive galaxies display extended light profiles that can reach several hundreds of kiloparsecs. We use data from the Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) survey that is simultaneously wide (~100 deg2) and deep (>28.5 mag arcsec-2 in i band) to study the stellar haloes of a sample of ~7000 massive galaxies at z ~ 0.4. The depth of the HSC data enables us to measure surface mass density profiles to 100 kpc for individual galaxies without stacking. As in previous work, we find that more massive galaxies exhibit more extended outer profiles than smaller galaxies. When this extended light is not properly accounted for (because of shallow imaging and/or inadequate profile modelling), the derived stellar mass function can be significantly underestimated at the high-mass end. Across our sample, the ellipticity of outer light profile increases substantially with radius. We show for the first time that these ellipticity gradients steepen dramatically as a function of galaxy mass, but we detect no mass dependence in outer colour gradients. Our results support the two-phase formation scenario for massive galaxies in which outer envelopes are built up at a later time from a series of merging events. We provide surface mass density profiles in a convenient tabulated format to facilitate comparisons with predictions from numerical simulations of galaxy formation.",
keywords = "CD- galaxies: formation, Galaxies: elliptical and lenticular, Galaxies: photometry, Galaxies: structure, Surveys",
author = "Song Huang and Alexie Leauthaud and Greene, {Jenny E.} and Kevin Bundy and Lin, {Yen Ting} and Masayuki Tanaka and Satoshi Miyazaki and Yutaka Komiyama",
note = "Funding Information: The authors thank Rachel Mandelbaum and Frank van den Bosch for insightful discussions and comments, Shun Saito for helping us estimate the fraction of satellite galaxies in our sample, and Feng-Shan Liu for sharing the μ* profile of the z ~ 1 brightest cluster galaxy from his work. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1714610. The HSC collaboration includes the astronomical communities of Japan and Taiwan, and Princeton University. The HSC instrumentation and software were developed by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (Kavli IPMU), University of Tokyo, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Academia Sinica Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics in Taiwan (ASIAA), and Princeton University. Funding was contributed by the FIRST program from the Japanese Cabinet Office; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST); Toray Science Foundation; NAOJ; Kavli IPMU; KEK; ASIAA; and Princeton University. Funding for SDSS-III has been provided by Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, Participating Institutions, National Science Foundation, and U.S. Department of Energy. The SDSS-III website is http://www.sdss3.org. SDSS-III is managed by Astrophysical Research Consortium for the Participating Institutions of the SDSS-III Collaboration, which includes University of Arizona, Brazilian Participation Group, Brookhaven National Laboratory, University of Cambridge, University of Florida, the French Participation Group, German Participation Group, Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, Michigan State/Notre Dame/JINA Participation Group, Johns Hopkins University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, New Mexico State University,NewYork University,Ohio State University, Pennsylvania State University, University of Portsmouth, Princeton University, the Spanish Participation Group, University of Tokyo, University of Utah, Vanderbilt University, University of Virginia, University of Washington, and Yale University. The Pan-STARRS1 Surveys (PS1) have been made possible through contributions of Institute for Astronomy; University of Hawaii; Pan-STARRS Project Office; Max-Planck Society and its participating institutes: Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg, and the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching; Johns Hopkins University; Durham University; University of Edinburgh; Queen's University Belfast; Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics; Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network Incorporated; National Central University of Taiwan; Space Telescope Science Institute; National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Grant No. NNX08AR22G issued through the Planetary Science Division of the NASA Science Mission Directorate; National Science Foundation underGrant No. AST-1238877; University of Maryland; and E{\"o}tv{\"o}s Lor{\'a}nd University. This paper makes use of software developed for the LSST. We thank the LSST Project for making their code available as free software at http://dm.lsstcorp.org. This research was supported in part by National Science Foundation under Grant No. NSF PHY11-25915. This research made use of: STSCI_PYTHON, a general astronomical data analysis infrastructure in PYTHON. STSCI_PYTHON is a product of the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy for NASA; SCIPY, an open source scientific tools for PYTHON (Jones et al. 2001); NUMPY, a fundamental package for scientific computing with PYTHON (Walt, Colbert & Varoquaux 2011); MATPLOTLIB, a 2D plotting library for PYTHON (Hunter 2007); ASTROPY, a community-developed core PYTHON package for astronomy (Astropy Collaboration et al. 2013); SCIKIT-LEARN, a machine-learning library in PYTHON (Pedregosa et al. 2011); ASTROML, a machine-learning library for astrophysics (Vanderplas et al. 2012); IPYTHON, an interactive computing system for PYTHON (P{\'e}rez & Granger 2007); SEP Source Extraction and Photometry in PYTHON (Barbary et al. 2015); PALETTABLE, colour palettes for PYTHON; EMCEE, Seriously Kick-Ass MCMC in PYTHON; COLOSSUS, COsmology, haLO, and large-Scale StrUcture toolS (Diemer 2015). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2016 The Authors.",
year = "2018",
month = apr,
doi = "10.1093/mnras/stx3200",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "475",
pages = "3348--3368",
journal = "Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society",
issn = "0035-8711",
publisher = "Oxford University Press",
number = "3",
}