@article{6f75b89e50ad4c28b6d4b08165d8dfd9,
title = "Implementation of an integrating sphere for the enhancement of noninvasive glucose detection using quantum cascade laser spectroscopy",
abstract = "An integrating sphere is used to enhance the collection of backscattered light in a noninvasive glucose sensor based on quantum cascade laser spectroscopy. The sphere enhances signal stability by roughly an order of magnitude, allowing us to use a thermoelectrically (TE) cooled detector while maintaining comparable glucose prediction accuracy levels. Using a smaller TE-cooled detector reduces form factor, creating a mobile sensor. Principal component analysis has predicted principal components of spectra taken from human subjects that closely match the absorption peaks of glucose. These principal components are used as regressors in a linear regression algorithm to make glucose concentration predictions, over 75% of which are clinically accurate.",
author = "Alexandra Werth and Sabbir Liakat and Anqi Dong and Woods, {Callie M.} and Gmachl, {Claire F.}",
note = "Funding Information: Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank the Wendy and Eric Schmidt Foundation and the National Science Foundation (Grant no. EEC-0540832) and Daylight Solutions, Inc. in San Diego, CA. Additionally, we acknowledge Kevin Bors, Jessica Doyle, and Laura Xu, for their contributions to this research. The research conducted with human subjects presented in this article has been done while maintaining full compliance with regulations set by Princeton University{\textquoteright}s Industrial Review Board (IRB). Funding Information: The authors would like to thank the Wendy and Eric Schmidt Foundation and the National Science Foundation (Grant no. EEC-0540832) and Daylight Solutions, Inc. in San Diego, CA. Additionally, we acknowledge Kevin Bors, Jessica Doyle, and Laura Xu, for their contributions to this research. The research conducted with human subjects presented in this article has been done while maintaining full compliance with regulations set by Princeton University{\textquoteright}s Industrial Review Board (IRB). This article is part of the topical collection “Mid-infrared and THz Laser Sources and Applications” guest edited by Wei Ren, Paolo De Natale and Gerard Wysocki. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.",
year = "2018",
month = may,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1007/s00340-018-6946-5",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "124",
journal = "Applied Physics B: Lasers and Optics",
issn = "0946-2171",
publisher = "Springer Verlag",
number = "5",
}