Ideologically correct science

The historical study of science and ideology is really a twentieth-century phenomenon, for it is only after the First World War that stark differences appeared in political ideology and regime: Liberal capitalist democracy, MarxistLeninist communism, fascism and National Socialism. Furthermore, as the introduction to this volume argues, this historiography has been profoundly influenced by the Cold War, with the result that certain themes have been dominant. This essay will investigate perhaps the most striking examples of science being influenced by ideology, which here will be called "ideologicallycorrect-science" (ICS). The French Revolution will be included because, as the above-mentioned introduction also describes, it was both the first case study for the interaction of science and ideology, and a surrogate for other Cold War case studies. Not all relevant types of ICS will be, or even could be covered here. Indeed, this article will sacrifice depth in favor of breadth and use the comparative approach in order to provide a suggestive analysis of science under different ideological regimes.