TY - JOUR
T1 - Hepatitis e virus
T2 - Advances and challenges
AU - Nimgaonkar, Ila
AU - Ding, Qiang
AU - Schwartz, Robert E.
AU - Ploss, Alexander
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors thank members of the Ploss laboratory for critical discussions of the manuscript. The work was supported in part by grants from Princeton University and an Investigator in Pathogenesis Award by the Burroughs Wellcome Fund (to A.P.). Q.D. is supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the New Jersey Commission for Cancer Research. The authors apologize to all those whose work could not be cited due to space constraints.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 International Spinal Cord Society All rights reserved.
PY - 2018/2/1
Y1 - 2018/2/1
N2 - At least 20 million hepatitis E virus (HEV) infections occur annually, with >3 million symptomatic cases and ~60,000 fatalities. Hepatitis E is generally self-limiting, with a case fatality rate of 0.5–3% in young adults. However, it can cause up to 30% mortality in pregnant women in the third trimester and can become chronic in immunocompromised individuals, such as those receiving organ transplants or chemotherapy and individuals with HIV infection. HEV is transmitted primarily via the faecal–oral route and was previously thought to be a public health concern only in developing countries. It is now also being frequently reported in industrialized countries, where it is transmitted zoonotically or through organ transplantation or blood transfusions. Although a vaccine for HEV has been developed, it is only licensed in China. Additionally, no effective, non-teratogenic and specific treatments against HEV infections are currently available. Although progress has been made in characterizing HEV biology, the scarcity of adequate experimental platforms has hampered further research. In this Review, we focus on providing an update on the HEV life cycle. We will further discuss existing cell culture and animal models and highlight platforms that have proven to be useful and/or are emerging for studying other hepatotropic (viral) pathogens.
AB - At least 20 million hepatitis E virus (HEV) infections occur annually, with >3 million symptomatic cases and ~60,000 fatalities. Hepatitis E is generally self-limiting, with a case fatality rate of 0.5–3% in young adults. However, it can cause up to 30% mortality in pregnant women in the third trimester and can become chronic in immunocompromised individuals, such as those receiving organ transplants or chemotherapy and individuals with HIV infection. HEV is transmitted primarily via the faecal–oral route and was previously thought to be a public health concern only in developing countries. It is now also being frequently reported in industrialized countries, where it is transmitted zoonotically or through organ transplantation or blood transfusions. Although a vaccine for HEV has been developed, it is only licensed in China. Additionally, no effective, non-teratogenic and specific treatments against HEV infections are currently available. Although progress has been made in characterizing HEV biology, the scarcity of adequate experimental platforms has hampered further research. In this Review, we focus on providing an update on the HEV life cycle. We will further discuss existing cell culture and animal models and highlight platforms that have proven to be useful and/or are emerging for studying other hepatotropic (viral) pathogens.
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U2 - 10.1038/nrgastro.2017.150
DO - 10.1038/nrgastro.2017.150
M3 - Review article
C2 - 29162935
AN - SCOPUS:85045709292
SN - 1759-5045
VL - 15
SP - 96
EP - 110
JO - Nature Reviews Gastroenterology and Hepatology
JF - Nature Reviews Gastroenterology and Hepatology
IS - 2
ER -