HD 21520 b: a warm sub-Neptune transiting a bright G dwarf

Molly Nies; Ismael Mireles; François Bouchy; Diana Dragomir; Belinda A. Nicholson; Nora L. Eisner; Sergio G. Sousa; Karen A. Collins; Steve B. Howell; Carl Ziegler; Coel Hellier; Brett Addison; Sarah Ballard; Brendan P. Bowler; César Briceño; Catherine A. Clark; Dennis M. Conti; Xavier Dumusque; Billy Edwards; Crystal L. Gnilka; Melissa Hobson; Jonathan Horner; Stephen R. Kane; John Kielkopf; Baptiste Lavie; Nicholas Law; Monika Lendl; Colin Littlefield; Huigen Liu; Andrew W. Mann; Matthew W. Mengel; Dominic Oddo; Jack Okumura; Enric Palle; Peter Plavchan; Angelica Psaridi; Nuno C. Santos; Richard P. Schwarz; Avi Shporer; Robert A. Wittenmyer; Duncan J. Wright; Hui Zhang; David Watanabe; Jennifer V. Medina; Joel Villaseñor; Eric B. Ting; Jessie L. Christiansen; Joshua N. Winn; Keivan G. Stassun; S. Seager; David W. Latham; George R. Ricker

doi:10.1093/mnras/stae2079

HD 21520 b: a warm sub-Neptune transiting a bright G dwarf

Molly Nies, Ismael Mireles, François Bouchy, Diana Dragomir, Belinda A. Nicholson, Nora L. Eisner, Sergio G. Sousa, Karen A. Collins, Steve B. Howell, Carl Ziegler, Coel Hellier, Brett Addison, Sarah Ballard, Brendan P. Bowler, César Briceño, Catherine A. Clark, Dennis M. Conti, Xavier Dumusque, Billy Edwards, Crystal L. GnilkaMelissa Hobson, Jonathan Horner, Stephen R. Kane, John Kielkopf, Baptiste Lavie, Nicholas Law, Monika Lendl, Colin Littlefield, Huigen Liu, Andrew W. Mann, Matthew W. Mengel, Dominic Oddo, Jack Okumura, Enric Palle, Peter Plavchan, Angelica Psaridi, Nuno C. Santos, Richard P. Schwarz, Avi Shporer, Robert A. Wittenmyer, Duncan J. Wright, Hui Zhang, David Watanabe, Jennifer V. Medina, Joel Villaseñor, Eric B. Ting, Jessie L. Christiansen, Joshua N. Winn, Keivan G. Stassun, S. Seager, David W. Latham, George R. Ricker

Astrophysical Sciences

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Abstract

We report the discovery and validation of HD 21520 b, a transiting planet found with Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite and orbiting a bright G dwarf (V = 9.2, T_eff = 5871 ± 62 K, R_★ = 1★04 ± 0★02 R). HD 21520 b was originally alerted as a system (TOI-4320) consisting of two planet candidates with periods of 703.6 and 46.4 d. However, our analysis supports instead a single-planet system with an orbital period of 25★1292 ± 0★0001 d and radius of 2★70 ± 0★09 R. Three full transits in sectors 4, 30, and 31 match this period and have transit depths and durations in agreement with each other, as does a partial transit in sector 3. We also observe transits using CHEOPS and LCOGT. SOAR and Gemini high-resolution imaging do not indicate the presence of any nearby companions, and MINERVA-Australis and CORALIE radial velocities rule out an on-target spectroscopic binary. Additionally, we use ESPRESSO radial velocities to obtain a tentative mass measurement of 7★9⁺₋₃³_★^★₀² M, with a 3σ upper limit of 17.7 M. Due to the bright nature of its host and likely significant gas envelope of the planet, HD 21520b is a promising candidate for further mass measurements and for atmospheric characterization.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	3744-3760
Number of pages	17
Journal	Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Volume	534
Issue number	4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae2079
State	Published - Nov 1 2024

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Astronomy and Astrophysics
Space and Planetary Science

Keywords

planets
planets and satellites: composition
satellites: individual: (HD 21520)
techniques: photometric
techniques: radial velocities

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10.1093/mnras/stae2079

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Nies, M., Mireles, I., Bouchy, F., Dragomir, D., Nicholson, B. A., Eisner, N. L., Sousa, S. G., Collins, K. A., Howell, S. B., Ziegler, C., Hellier, C., Addison, B., Ballard, S., Bowler, B. P., Briceño, C., Clark, C. A., Conti, D. M., Dumusque, X., Edwards, B., ... Ricker, G. R. (2024). HD 21520 b: a warm sub-Neptune transiting a bright G dwarf. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 534(4), 3744-3760. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae2079

@article{8790973503434a90ba85c858ba5c3b53,

title = "HD 21520 b: a warm sub-Neptune transiting a bright G dwarf",

abstract = "We report the discovery and validation of HD 21520 b, a transiting planet found with Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite and orbiting a bright G dwarf (V = 9.2, Teff = 5871 ± 62 K, R★ = 1★04 ± 0★02 R). HD 21520 b was originally alerted as a system (TOI-4320) consisting of two planet candidates with periods of 703.6 and 46.4 d. However, our analysis supports instead a single-planet system with an orbital period of 25★1292 ± 0★0001 d and radius of 2★70 ± 0★09 R. Three full transits in sectors 4, 30, and 31 match this period and have transit depths and durations in agreement with each other, as does a partial transit in sector 3. We also observe transits using CHEOPS and LCOGT. SOAR and Gemini high-resolution imaging do not indicate the presence of any nearby companions, and MINERVA-Australis and CORALIE radial velocities rule out an on-target spectroscopic binary. Additionally, we use ESPRESSO radial velocities to obtain a tentative mass measurement of 7★9+−33★★02 M, with a 3σ upper limit of 17.7 M. Due to the bright nature of its host and likely significant gas envelope of the planet, HD 21520b is a promising candidate for further mass measurements and for atmospheric characterization.",

keywords = "planets, planets and satellites: composition, satellites: individual: (HD 21520), techniques: photometric, techniques: radial velocities",

author = "Molly Nies and Ismael Mireles and Fran{\c c}ois Bouchy and Diana Dragomir and Nicholson, {Belinda A.} and Eisner, {Nora L.} and Sousa, {Sergio G.} and Collins, {Karen A.} and Howell, {Steve B.} and Carl Ziegler and Coel Hellier and Brett Addison and Sarah Ballard and Bowler, {Brendan P.} and C{\'e}sar Brice{\~n}o and Clark, {Catherine A.} and Conti, {Dennis M.} and Xavier Dumusque and Billy Edwards and Gnilka, {Crystal L.} and Melissa Hobson and Jonathan Horner and Kane, {Stephen R.} and John Kielkopf and Baptiste Lavie and Nicholas Law and Monika Lendl and Colin Littlefield and Huigen Liu and Mann, {Andrew W.} and Mengel, {Matthew W.} and Dominic Oddo and Jack Okumura and Enric Palle and Peter Plavchan and Angelica Psaridi and Santos, {Nuno C.} and Schwarz, {Richard P.} and Avi Shporer and Wittenmyer, {Robert A.} and Wright, {Duncan J.} and Hui Zhang and David Watanabe and Medina, {Jennifer V.} and Joel Villase{\~n}or and Ting, {Eric B.} and Christiansen, {Jessie L.} and Winn, {Joshua N.} and Stassun, {Keivan G.} and S. Seager and Latham, {David W.} and Ricker, {George R.}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2024 The Author(s)",

year = "2024",

month = nov,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1093/mnras/stae2079",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "534",

pages = "3744--3760",

journal = "Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society",

issn = "0035-8711",

publisher = "Oxford University Press",

number = "4",

}

Nies, M, Mireles, I, Bouchy, F, Dragomir, D, Nicholson, BA, Eisner, NL, Sousa, SG, Collins, KA, Howell, SB, Ziegler, C, Hellier, C, Addison, B, Ballard, S, Bowler, BP, Briceño, C, Clark, CA, Conti, DM, Dumusque, X, Edwards, B, Gnilka, CL, Hobson, M, Horner, J, Kane, SR, Kielkopf, J, Lavie, B, Law, N, Lendl, M, Littlefield, C, Liu, H, Mann, AW, Mengel, MW, Oddo, D, Okumura, J, Palle, E, Plavchan, P, Psaridi, A, Santos, NC, Schwarz, RP, Shporer, A, Wittenmyer, RA, Wright, DJ, Zhang, H, Watanabe, D, Medina, JV, Villaseñor, J, Ting, EB, Christiansen, JL, Winn, JN, Stassun, KG, Seager, S, Latham, DW & Ricker, GR 2024, 'HD 21520 b: a warm sub-Neptune transiting a bright G dwarf', Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 534, no. 4, pp. 3744-3760. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae2079

TY - JOUR

T1 - HD 21520 b

T2 - a warm sub-Neptune transiting a bright G dwarf

AU - Nies, Molly

AU - Mireles, Ismael

AU - Bouchy, François

AU - Dragomir, Diana

AU - Nicholson, Belinda A.

AU - Eisner, Nora L.

AU - Sousa, Sergio G.

AU - Collins, Karen A.

AU - Howell, Steve B.

AU - Ziegler, Carl

AU - Hellier, Coel

AU - Addison, Brett

AU - Ballard, Sarah

AU - Bowler, Brendan P.

AU - Briceño, César

AU - Clark, Catherine A.

AU - Conti, Dennis M.

AU - Dumusque, Xavier

AU - Edwards, Billy

AU - Gnilka, Crystal L.

AU - Hobson, Melissa

AU - Horner, Jonathan

AU - Kane, Stephen R.

AU - Kielkopf, John

AU - Lavie, Baptiste

AU - Law, Nicholas

AU - Lendl, Monika

AU - Littlefield, Colin

AU - Liu, Huigen

AU - Mann, Andrew W.

AU - Mengel, Matthew W.

AU - Oddo, Dominic

AU - Okumura, Jack

AU - Palle, Enric

AU - Plavchan, Peter

AU - Psaridi, Angelica

AU - Santos, Nuno C.

AU - Schwarz, Richard P.

AU - Shporer, Avi

AU - Wittenmyer, Robert A.

AU - Wright, Duncan J.

AU - Zhang, Hui

AU - Watanabe, David

AU - Medina, Jennifer V.

AU - Villaseñor, Joel

AU - Ting, Eric B.

AU - Christiansen, Jessie L.

AU - Winn, Joshua N.

AU - Stassun, Keivan G.

AU - Seager, S.

AU - Latham, David W.

AU - Ricker, George R.

PY - 2024/11/1

Y1 - 2024/11/1

N2 - We report the discovery and validation of HD 21520 b, a transiting planet found with Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite and orbiting a bright G dwarf (V = 9.2, Teff = 5871 ± 62 K, R★ = 1★04 ± 0★02 R). HD 21520 b was originally alerted as a system (TOI-4320) consisting of two planet candidates with periods of 703.6 and 46.4 d. However, our analysis supports instead a single-planet system with an orbital period of 25★1292 ± 0★0001 d and radius of 2★70 ± 0★09 R. Three full transits in sectors 4, 30, and 31 match this period and have transit depths and durations in agreement with each other, as does a partial transit in sector 3. We also observe transits using CHEOPS and LCOGT. SOAR and Gemini high-resolution imaging do not indicate the presence of any nearby companions, and MINERVA-Australis and CORALIE radial velocities rule out an on-target spectroscopic binary. Additionally, we use ESPRESSO radial velocities to obtain a tentative mass measurement of 7★9+−33★★02 M, with a 3σ upper limit of 17.7 M. Due to the bright nature of its host and likely significant gas envelope of the planet, HD 21520b is a promising candidate for further mass measurements and for atmospheric characterization.

AB - We report the discovery and validation of HD 21520 b, a transiting planet found with Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite and orbiting a bright G dwarf (V = 9.2, Teff = 5871 ± 62 K, R★ = 1★04 ± 0★02 R). HD 21520 b was originally alerted as a system (TOI-4320) consisting of two planet candidates with periods of 703.6 and 46.4 d. However, our analysis supports instead a single-planet system with an orbital period of 25★1292 ± 0★0001 d and radius of 2★70 ± 0★09 R. Three full transits in sectors 4, 30, and 31 match this period and have transit depths and durations in agreement with each other, as does a partial transit in sector 3. We also observe transits using CHEOPS and LCOGT. SOAR and Gemini high-resolution imaging do not indicate the presence of any nearby companions, and MINERVA-Australis and CORALIE radial velocities rule out an on-target spectroscopic binary. Additionally, we use ESPRESSO radial velocities to obtain a tentative mass measurement of 7★9+−33★★02 M, with a 3σ upper limit of 17.7 M. Due to the bright nature of its host and likely significant gas envelope of the planet, HD 21520b is a promising candidate for further mass measurements and for atmospheric characterization.

KW - planets

KW - planets and satellites: composition

KW - satellites: individual: (HD 21520)

KW - techniques: photometric

KW - techniques: radial velocities

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85208090799&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85208090799&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1093/mnras/stae2079

DO - 10.1093/mnras/stae2079

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85208090799

SN - 0035-8711

VL - 534

SP - 3744

EP - 3760

JO - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

JF - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

IS - 4

ER -

HD 21520 b: a warm sub-Neptune transiting a bright G dwarf

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