TY - JOUR
T1 - Governance in the Face of Extreme Events
T2 - Lessons from Evolutionary Processes for Structuring Interventions, and the Need to Go Beyond
AU - Levin, Simon A.
AU - Anderies, John M.
AU - Adger, Neil
AU - Barrett, Scott
AU - Bennett, Elena M.
AU - Cardenas, Juan Camilo
AU - Carpenter, Stephen R.
AU - Crépin, Anne Sophie
AU - Ehrlich, Paul
AU - Fischer, Joern
AU - Folke, Carl
AU - Kautsky, Nils
AU - Kling, Catherine
AU - Nyborg, Karine
AU - Polasky, Stephen
AU - Scheffer, Marten
AU - Segerson, Kathleen
AU - Shogren, Jason
AU - van den Bergh, Jeroen
AU - Walker, Brian
AU - Weber, Elke U.
AU - Wilen, James
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
PY - 2022/4
Y1 - 2022/4
N2 - The increasing frequency of extreme events, exogenous and endogenous, poses challenges for our societies. The current pandemic is a case in point; but "once-in-a-century" weather events are also becoming more common, leading to erosion, wildfire and even volcanic events that change ecosystems and disturbance regimes, threaten the sustainability of our life-support systems, and challenge the robustness and resilience of societies. Dealing with extremes will require new approaches and large-scale collective action. Preemptive measures can increase general resilience, a first line of protection, while more specific reactive responses are developed. Preemptive measures also can minimize the negative effects of events that cannot be avoided. In this paper, we first explore approaches to prevention, mitigation and adaptation, drawing inspiration from how evolutionary challenges have made biological systems robust and resilient, and from the general theory of complex adaptive systems. We argue further that proactive steps that go beyond will be necessary to reduce unacceptable consequences.
AB - The increasing frequency of extreme events, exogenous and endogenous, poses challenges for our societies. The current pandemic is a case in point; but "once-in-a-century" weather events are also becoming more common, leading to erosion, wildfire and even volcanic events that change ecosystems and disturbance regimes, threaten the sustainability of our life-support systems, and challenge the robustness and resilience of societies. Dealing with extremes will require new approaches and large-scale collective action. Preemptive measures can increase general resilience, a first line of protection, while more specific reactive responses are developed. Preemptive measures also can minimize the negative effects of events that cannot be avoided. In this paper, we first explore approaches to prevention, mitigation and adaptation, drawing inspiration from how evolutionary challenges have made biological systems robust and resilient, and from the general theory of complex adaptive systems. We argue further that proactive steps that go beyond will be necessary to reduce unacceptable consequences.
KW - Adaptation
KW - Extreme events
KW - Governance
KW - Mitigation
KW - Prevention
KW - Resilience
KW - Robustness
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85114407433&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85114407433&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s10021-021-00680-2
DO - 10.1007/s10021-021-00680-2
M3 - Article
C2 - 34512142
AN - SCOPUS:85114407433
SN - 1432-9840
VL - 25
SP - 697
EP - 711
JO - Ecosystems
JF - Ecosystems
IS - 3
ER -