First neutral beam experiments on Wendelstein 7-X

Samuel A. Lazerson; Oliver Ford1; Simppa Äkaslompolö; Sergey Bozhenkov; Christoph Slaby; Lilla Vańo; Annabelle Spanier; Paul McNeely; Norbert Rust; Dirk Hartmann; Peter Poloskei; Birger Buttenschön; Rainer Burhenn; Naoki Tamura; Rene Bussiahn; Thomas Wegner; Michael Drevlak; Yuriy Turkin; Kunihiro Ogawa; Jens Knauer; Kai Jakob Brunner; Ekkehard Pasch; Marc Beurskens; Hannes Damm; Golo Fuchert; Philipp Nelde; Evan Scott; Novimir Pablant; Andreas Langenberg; Peter Traverso; Pranay Valson; Uwe Hergenhahn; Andrea Pavone; Kian Rahbarnia; Tamara Andreeva; Jonathan Schilling; Christian Brandt; Ulrich Neuner; Henning Thomsen; Neha Chaudhary; Udo Höefel; Torsten Stange; Gavin Weir; Nikolai Marushchenko; Marcin Jakubowski; Adnan Ali; Yu Gao; Holger Niemann; Aleix Puig Sitjes; Ralf Koenig; Ralf Schroeder; Niek Den Harder; Bernd Heinemann; Christian Hopf; Rudolf Riedl; Robert C. Wolf

doi:10.1088/1741-4326/ac121c

First neutral beam experiments on Wendelstein 7-X

Samuel A. Lazerson, Oliver Ford1, Simppa Äkaslompolö, Sergey Bozhenkov, Christoph Slaby, Lilla Vańo, Annabelle Spanier, Paul McNeely, Norbert Rust, Dirk Hartmann, Peter Poloskei, Birger Buttenschön, Rainer Burhenn, Naoki Tamura, Rene Bussiahn, Thomas Wegner, Michael Drevlak, Yuriy Turkin, Kunihiro Ogawa, Jens KnauerKai Jakob Brunner, Ekkehard Pasch, Marc Beurskens, Hannes Damm, Golo Fuchert, Philipp Nelde, Evan Scott, Novimir Pablant, Andreas Langenberg, Peter Traverso, Pranay Valson, Uwe Hergenhahn, Andrea Pavone, Kian Rahbarnia, Tamara Andreeva, Jonathan Schilling, Christian Brandt, Ulrich Neuner, Henning Thomsen, Neha Chaudhary, Udo Höefel, Torsten Stange, Gavin Weir, Nikolai Marushchenko, Marcin Jakubowski, Adnan Ali, Yu Gao, Holger Niemann, Aleix Puig Sitjes, Ralf Koenig, Ralf Schroeder, Niek Den Harder, Bernd Heinemann, Christian Hopf, Rudolf Riedl, Robert C. Wolf

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Abstract

In the previous divertor campaign, the Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) device injected 3.6 MW of neutral beam heating power allowing for the achievement of densities approaching 2 × 1020 m-3, and providing the first initial assessment of fast ion confinement in a drift optimized stellarator. The neutral beam injection (NBI) system on W7-X is comprised of two beam boxes with space for four radio frequency sources each. The 3.6 MWof heating reported in this work was achieved with two sources in the NI21 beam box. The effect of combined electron-cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) and NBI was explored through a series of discharges varying both NBI and ECRH power. Discharges without ECRH saw a linear increase in the line-integrated plasma density, and strong peaking of the core density, over the discharge duration. The presence of 1 MW of ECRH power was found to be sufficient to control a continuous density rise during NBI operation. Simulations of fast ion wall loads were found to be consistent with experimental infrared camera images during operation. In general, NBI discharges were free from the presence of fast ion induced Alfvenic activity, consistent with low beam betas. These experiments provide data for future scenario development and initial assessment of fast-ion confinement in W7-X, a key topic of the project EURATOM 2021.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	096008
Journal	Nuclear Fusion
Volume	61
Issue number	9
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ac121c
State	Published - Sep 2021

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Condensed Matter Physics

Keywords

Energetic particles
Fast ions
Fusion
Neutral beam
Stellarator

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10.1088/1741-4326/ac121c

Cite this

Lazerson, S. A., Ford1, O., Äkaslompolö, S., Bozhenkov, S., Slaby, C., Vańo, L., Spanier, A., McNeely, P., Rust, N., Hartmann, D., Poloskei, P., Buttenschön, B., Burhenn, R., Tamura, N., Bussiahn, R., Wegner, T., Drevlak, M., Turkin, Y., Ogawa, K., ... Wolf, R. C. (2021). First neutral beam experiments on Wendelstein 7-X. Nuclear Fusion, 61(9), Article 096008. https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ac121c

@article{889dbd5d31b740fd80abde05dd064b2b,

title = "First neutral beam experiments on Wendelstein 7-X",

abstract = "In the previous divertor campaign, the Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) device injected 3.6 MW of neutral beam heating power allowing for the achievement of densities approaching 2 × 1020 m-3, and providing the first initial assessment of fast ion confinement in a drift optimized stellarator. The neutral beam injection (NBI) system on W7-X is comprised of two beam boxes with space for four radio frequency sources each. The 3.6 MWof heating reported in this work was achieved with two sources in the NI21 beam box. The effect of combined electron-cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) and NBI was explored through a series of discharges varying both NBI and ECRH power. Discharges without ECRH saw a linear increase in the line-integrated plasma density, and strong peaking of the core density, over the discharge duration. The presence of 1 MW of ECRH power was found to be sufficient to control a continuous density rise during NBI operation. Simulations of fast ion wall loads were found to be consistent with experimental infrared camera images during operation. In general, NBI discharges were free from the presence of fast ion induced Alfvenic activity, consistent with low beam betas. These experiments provide data for future scenario development and initial assessment of fast-ion confinement in W7-X, a key topic of the project EURATOM 2021.",

keywords = "Energetic particles, Fast ions, Fusion, Neutral beam, Stellarator",

author = "Lazerson, \{Samuel A.\} and Oliver Ford1 and Simppa {\"A}kaslompol{\"o} and Sergey Bozhenkov and Christoph Slaby and Lilla Va{\'n}o and Annabelle Spanier and Paul McNeely and Norbert Rust and Dirk Hartmann and Peter Poloskei and Birger Buttensch{\"o}n and Rainer Burhenn and Naoki Tamura and Rene Bussiahn and Thomas Wegner and Michael Drevlak and Yuriy Turkin and Kunihiro Ogawa and Jens Knauer and Brunner, \{Kai Jakob\} and Ekkehard Pasch and Marc Beurskens and Hannes Damm and Golo Fuchert and Philipp Nelde and Evan Scott and Novimir Pablant and Andreas Langenberg and Peter Traverso and Pranay Valson and Uwe Hergenhahn and Andrea Pavone and Kian Rahbarnia and Tamara Andreeva and Jonathan Schilling and Christian Brandt and Ulrich Neuner and Henning Thomsen and Neha Chaudhary and Udo H{\"o}efel and Torsten Stange and Gavin Weir and Nikolai Marushchenko and Marcin Jakubowski and Adnan Ali and Yu Gao and Holger Niemann and Sitjes, \{Aleix Puig\} and Ralf Koenig and Ralf Schroeder and Harder, \{Niek Den\} and Bernd Heinemann and Christian Hopf and Rudolf Riedl and Wolf, \{Robert C.\}",

year = "2021",

month = sep,

doi = "10.1088/1741-4326/ac121c",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "61",

journal = "Nuclear Fusion",

issn = "0029-5515",

publisher = "IOP Publishing Ltd.",

number = "9",

}

Lazerson, SA, Ford1, O, Äkaslompolö, S, Bozhenkov, S, Slaby, C, Vańo, L, Spanier, A, McNeely, P, Rust, N, Hartmann, D, Poloskei, P, Buttenschön, B, Burhenn, R, Tamura, N, Bussiahn, R, Wegner, T, Drevlak, M, Turkin, Y, Ogawa, K, Knauer, J, Brunner, KJ, Pasch, E, Beurskens, M, Damm, H, Fuchert, G, Nelde, P, Scott, E, Pablant, N, Langenberg, A, Traverso, P, Valson, P, Hergenhahn, U, Pavone, A, Rahbarnia, K, Andreeva, T, Schilling, J, Brandt, C, Neuner, U, Thomsen, H, Chaudhary, N, Höefel, U, Stange, T, Weir, G, Marushchenko, N, Jakubowski, M, Ali, A, Gao, Y, Niemann, H, Sitjes, AP, Koenig, R, Schroeder, R, Harder, ND, Heinemann, B, Hopf, C, Riedl, R & Wolf, RC 2021, 'First neutral beam experiments on Wendelstein 7-X', Nuclear Fusion, vol. 61, no. 9, 096008. https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ac121c

TY - JOUR

T1 - First neutral beam experiments on Wendelstein 7-X

AU - Lazerson, Samuel A.

AU - Ford1, Oliver

AU - Äkaslompolö, Simppa

AU - Bozhenkov, Sergey

AU - Slaby, Christoph

AU - Vańo, Lilla

AU - Spanier, Annabelle

AU - McNeely, Paul

AU - Rust, Norbert

AU - Hartmann, Dirk

AU - Poloskei, Peter

AU - Buttenschön, Birger

AU - Burhenn, Rainer

AU - Tamura, Naoki

AU - Bussiahn, Rene

AU - Wegner, Thomas

AU - Drevlak, Michael

AU - Turkin, Yuriy

AU - Ogawa, Kunihiro

AU - Knauer, Jens

AU - Brunner, Kai Jakob

AU - Pasch, Ekkehard

AU - Beurskens, Marc

AU - Damm, Hannes

AU - Fuchert, Golo

AU - Nelde, Philipp

AU - Scott, Evan

AU - Pablant, Novimir

AU - Langenberg, Andreas

AU - Traverso, Peter

AU - Valson, Pranay

AU - Hergenhahn, Uwe

AU - Pavone, Andrea

AU - Rahbarnia, Kian

AU - Andreeva, Tamara

AU - Schilling, Jonathan

AU - Brandt, Christian

AU - Neuner, Ulrich

AU - Thomsen, Henning

AU - Chaudhary, Neha

AU - Höefel, Udo

AU - Stange, Torsten

AU - Weir, Gavin

AU - Marushchenko, Nikolai

AU - Jakubowski, Marcin

AU - Ali, Adnan

AU - Gao, Yu

AU - Niemann, Holger

AU - Sitjes, Aleix Puig

AU - Koenig, Ralf

AU - Schroeder, Ralf

AU - Harder, Niek Den

AU - Heinemann, Bernd

AU - Hopf, Christian

AU - Riedl, Rudolf

AU - Wolf, Robert C.

PY - 2021/9

Y1 - 2021/9

N2 - In the previous divertor campaign, the Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) device injected 3.6 MW of neutral beam heating power allowing for the achievement of densities approaching 2 × 1020 m-3, and providing the first initial assessment of fast ion confinement in a drift optimized stellarator. The neutral beam injection (NBI) system on W7-X is comprised of two beam boxes with space for four radio frequency sources each. The 3.6 MWof heating reported in this work was achieved with two sources in the NI21 beam box. The effect of combined electron-cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) and NBI was explored through a series of discharges varying both NBI and ECRH power. Discharges without ECRH saw a linear increase in the line-integrated plasma density, and strong peaking of the core density, over the discharge duration. The presence of 1 MW of ECRH power was found to be sufficient to control a continuous density rise during NBI operation. Simulations of fast ion wall loads were found to be consistent with experimental infrared camera images during operation. In general, NBI discharges were free from the presence of fast ion induced Alfvenic activity, consistent with low beam betas. These experiments provide data for future scenario development and initial assessment of fast-ion confinement in W7-X, a key topic of the project EURATOM 2021.

AB - In the previous divertor campaign, the Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) device injected 3.6 MW of neutral beam heating power allowing for the achievement of densities approaching 2 × 1020 m-3, and providing the first initial assessment of fast ion confinement in a drift optimized stellarator. The neutral beam injection (NBI) system on W7-X is comprised of two beam boxes with space for four radio frequency sources each. The 3.6 MWof heating reported in this work was achieved with two sources in the NI21 beam box. The effect of combined electron-cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) and NBI was explored through a series of discharges varying both NBI and ECRH power. Discharges without ECRH saw a linear increase in the line-integrated plasma density, and strong peaking of the core density, over the discharge duration. The presence of 1 MW of ECRH power was found to be sufficient to control a continuous density rise during NBI operation. Simulations of fast ion wall loads were found to be consistent with experimental infrared camera images during operation. In general, NBI discharges were free from the presence of fast ion induced Alfvenic activity, consistent with low beam betas. These experiments provide data for future scenario development and initial assessment of fast-ion confinement in W7-X, a key topic of the project EURATOM 2021.

KW - Energetic particles

KW - Fast ions

KW - Fusion

KW - Neutral beam

KW - Stellarator

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85112736454

UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85112736454&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1088/1741-4326/ac121c

DO - 10.1088/1741-4326/ac121c

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85112736454

SN - 0029-5515

VL - 61

JO - Nuclear Fusion

JF - Nuclear Fusion

IS - 9

M1 - 096008

ER -

First neutral beam experiments on Wendelstein 7-X

Abstract

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Keywords

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