Fibonacci heaps and their uses in improved network optimization algorithms

Michael L. Fredman, Robert Endre Tarjan

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

1824 Scopus citations

Abstract

In this paper we develop a new data structure for implementing heaps (priority queues). Our structure, Fibonacci heaps (abbreviated F-heaps), extends the binomial queues proposed by Vuillemin and studied further by Brown. F-heaps support arbitrary deletion from an n-item heap in O(log n) amortized time and all other standard heap operations in O(1) amortized time. Using F-heaps we are able to obtain improved running times for several network optimization algorithms. In particular, we obtain the following worst-case bounds, where n is the number of vertices and m the number of edges in the problem graph: O(n log n + m) for the single-source shortest path problem with nonnegative edge lengths, improved from O(mlog(m/n+2)n); O(n2log n + nm) for the all-pairs shortest path problem, improved from O(nm log(m/n+2)n); O(n2log n + nm) for the assignment problem (weighted bipartite matching), improved from O(nmlog(m/n+2)n); O(mβ(m, n)) for the minimum spanning tree problem, improved from O(mlog log(m/n+2)n); where β(m, n) = min {i ↿ log(i)n ≤ m/n}. Note that β(m, n) ≤ log*n if m ≥ n. Of these results, the improved bound for minimum spanning trees is the most striking, although all the results give asymptotic improvements for graphs of appropriate densities.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)596-615
Number of pages20
JournalJournal of the ACM (JACM)
Volume34
Issue number3
DOIs
StatePublished - Jul 1 1987
Externally publishedYes

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

  • Software
  • Control and Systems Engineering
  • Information Systems
  • Hardware and Architecture
  • Artificial Intelligence

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