Extraversion differentiates between model-based and model-free strategies in a reinforcement learning task

Anya Skatova, Patricia A. Chan, Nathaniel D. Daw

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

22 Scopus citations

Abstract

Prominent computational models describe a neural mechanism for learning from reward prediction errors, and it has been suggested that variations in this mechanism are reflected in personality factors such as trait extraversion. However, although trait extraversion has been linked to improved reward learning, it is not yet known whether this relationship is selective for the particular computational strategy associated with error-driven learning, known as model-free reinforcement learning, vs. another strategy, model-based learning, which the brain is also known to employ. In the present study we test this relationship by examining whether humans' scores on an extraversion scale predict individual differences in the balance between model-based and model-free learning strategies in a sequentially structured decision task designed to distinguish between them. In previous studies with this task, participants have shown a combination of both types of learning, but with substantial individual variation in the balance between them. In the current study, extraversion predicted worse behavior across both sorts of learning. However, the hypothesis that extraverts would be selectively better at model-free reinforcement learning held up among a subset of the more engaged participants, and overall, higher task engagement was associated with a more selective pattern by which extraversion predicted better model-free learning. The findings indicate a relationship between a broad personality orientation and detailed computational learning mechanisms. Results like those in the present study suggest an intriguing and rich relationship between core neuro-computational mechanisms and broader life orientations and outcomes.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Article numberA525
JournalFrontiers in Human Neuroscience
Issue numberSEP
DOIs
StatePublished - Sep 3 2013
Externally publishedYes

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

  • Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology
  • Neurology
  • Psychiatry and Mental health
  • Biological Psychiatry
  • Behavioral Neuroscience

Keywords

  • Decision-making
  • Dopamine
  • Extraversion
  • Personality
  • Reinforcement learning

Fingerprint

Dive into the research topics of 'Extraversion differentiates between model-based and model-free strategies in a reinforcement learning task'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.

Cite this