TY - JOUR
T1 - Extracting all the randomness and reducing the error in Trevisan's extractors
AU - Raz, Ran
AU - Reingold, Omer
AU - Vadhan, Salil
N1 - Funding Information:
1Preliminary versions of this work appeared in STOC ‘99 [RRV99b] and on ECCC [RRV99c]. 2Work supported by an American-Israeli BSF grant 95-00238 and by ESPRIT working group RAND2. 3Research performed while still at the Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel. Research supported by a Clore Scholars award and an Eshkol Fellowship of the Israeli Ministry of Science and by ESPRIT working group RAND2. 4This work was done when the author was at MIT, supported by a DOD/NDSEG Fellowship and partially by DARPA Grant DABT63-96-C-0018.
PY - 2002/8
Y1 - 2002/8
N2 - We give explicit constructions of extractors which work for a source of any min-entropy on strings of length n. These extractors can extract any constant fraction of the min-entropy using O(log2 n) additional random bits, and can extract all the min-entropy using O(log3 n) additional random bits. Both of these constructions use fewer truly random bits than any previous construction which works for all min-entropies and extracts a constant fraction of the min-entropy. We then improve our second construction and show that we can reduce the entropy loss to 2 log(1/ε) + O(1) bits, while still using O(log3 n) truly random bits (where entropy loss is defined as [(source min - entropy) + (# truly random bits used) - (# output bits)], and ε is the statistical difference from uniform achieved). This entropy loss is optimal up to a constant additive term. Our extractors are obtained by observing that a weaker notion of "combinatorial design" suffices for the Nisan-Wigderson pseudorandom generator, which underlies the recent extractor of Trevisan. We give near-optimal constructions of such "weak designs" which achieve much better parameters than possible with the notion of designs used by Nisan-Wigderson and Trevisan. We also show how to improve our constructions (and Trevisan's construction) when the required statistical difference ε from the uniform distribution is relatively small. This improvement is obtained by using multilinear error-correcting codes over finite fields, rather than the arbitrary error-correcting codes used by Trevisan.
AB - We give explicit constructions of extractors which work for a source of any min-entropy on strings of length n. These extractors can extract any constant fraction of the min-entropy using O(log2 n) additional random bits, and can extract all the min-entropy using O(log3 n) additional random bits. Both of these constructions use fewer truly random bits than any previous construction which works for all min-entropies and extracts a constant fraction of the min-entropy. We then improve our second construction and show that we can reduce the entropy loss to 2 log(1/ε) + O(1) bits, while still using O(log3 n) truly random bits (where entropy loss is defined as [(source min - entropy) + (# truly random bits used) - (# output bits)], and ε is the statistical difference from uniform achieved). This entropy loss is optimal up to a constant additive term. Our extractors are obtained by observing that a weaker notion of "combinatorial design" suffices for the Nisan-Wigderson pseudorandom generator, which underlies the recent extractor of Trevisan. We give near-optimal constructions of such "weak designs" which achieve much better parameters than possible with the notion of designs used by Nisan-Wigderson and Trevisan. We also show how to improve our constructions (and Trevisan's construction) when the required statistical difference ε from the uniform distribution is relatively small. This improvement is obtained by using multilinear error-correcting codes over finite fields, rather than the arbitrary error-correcting codes used by Trevisan.
KW - Combinatorial designs
KW - Expander graphs
KW - Extractors
KW - Probabilistic method
KW - Pseudorandom generators
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U2 - 10.1006/jcss.2002.1824
DO - 10.1006/jcss.2002.1824
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:0038309373
VL - 65
SP - 97
EP - 128
JO - Journal of Computer and System Sciences
JF - Journal of Computer and System Sciences
SN - 0022-0000
IS - 1
ER -