Experimental criteria for monolayer studies in relation to the formation of Langmuir-Blodgett multilayers

Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) multilayers are formed by the dynamic transfer of molecules to a solid support from a preformed monolayer, usually at the air-water interface. Control of this process depends in part on knowing the properties of the air-water monolayer. These properties are discussed in terms of the variables defining equilibrium reference states and of the several rate processes which govern the transport and transfer of the monolayer substance to the solid support. The need for agreed reference states and new rheological studies to support further advances in LB technology is evident.