Experimental Characterization of Interfaces of Relevance to Organic Electronics

The present chapter gives an introduction to experimental methods for the determination of the electronic properties of organic semiconductor surfaces and interfaces, principally via electron spectroscopies. Following remarks on the crucial importance of understanding surface and interface regions for designing and controlling devices, a rapid survey is given of the key differences between inorganic and organic semiconductors, specifically with regards to electronic properties. Direct and inverse photoemission techniques, as applied to molecular and polymer surfaces and interfaces, are introduced. Finally, specific examples are given of interface electronic structure determination, including molecular and polymer organic/inorganic and organic/organic systems.