Examining the orbital decay targets KELT-9 b, KELT-16 b, and WASP-4 b, and the transit-timing variations of HD 97658 b,

J. V. Harre; A. M.S. Smith; S. C.C. Barros; G. Boué; Sz Csizmadia; D. Ehrenreich; H. G. Florén; A. Fortier; P. F.L. Maxted; M. J. Hooton; B. Akinsanmi; L. M. Serrano; N. M. Rosário; B. O. Demory; K. Jones; J. Laskar; V. Adibekyan; Y. Alibert; R. Alonso; D. R. Anderson; G. Anglada; J. Asquier; T. Bárczy; D. Barrado Y Navascues; W. Baumjohann; M. Beck; T. Beck; W. Benz; N. Billot; F. Biondi; A. Bonfanti; X. Bonfils; A. Brandeker; C. Broeg; J. Cabrera; V. Cessa; S. Charnoz; A. Collier Cameron; M. B. Davies; M. Deleuil; L. Delrez; O. D.S. Demangeon; A. Erikson; L. Fossati; M. Fridlund; D. Gandolfi; M. Gillon; M. Güdel; C. Hellier; K. Heng; S. Hoyer; K. G. Isaak; L. L. Kiss; A. Lecavelier Des Etangs; M. Lendl; C. Lovis; A. Luntzer; D. Magrin; V. Nascimbeni; G. Olofsson; R. Ottensamer; I. Pagano; E. Pallé; C. M. Persson; G. Peter; G. Piotto; D. Pollacco; D. Queloz; R. Ragazzoni; N. Rando; H. Rauer; I. Ribas; G. R. Ricker; S. Salmon; N. C. Santos; G. Scandariato; S. Seager; D. Ségransan; A. E. Simon; S. G. Sousa; M. Steller; Gy M. Szabó; N. Thomas; S. Udry; B. Ulmer; V. Van Grootel; N. A. Walton; T. G. Wilson; J. N. Winn; B. Wohler

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202244529

Examining the orbital decay targets KELT-9 b, KELT-16 b, and WASP-4 b, and the transit-timing variations of HD 97658 b^,

J. V. Harre, A. M.S. Smith, S. C.C. Barros, G. Boué, Sz Csizmadia, D. Ehrenreich, H. G. Florén, A. Fortier, P. F.L. Maxted, M. J. Hooton, B. Akinsanmi, L. M. Serrano, N. M. Rosário, B. O. Demory, K. Jones, J. Laskar, V. Adibekyan, Y. Alibert, R. Alonso, D. R. AndersonG. Anglada, J. Asquier, T. Bárczy, D. Barrado Y Navascues, W. Baumjohann, M. Beck, T. Beck, W. Benz, N. Billot, F. Biondi, A. Bonfanti, X. Bonfils, A. Brandeker, C. Broeg, J. Cabrera, V. Cessa, S. Charnoz, A. Collier Cameron, M. B. Davies, M. Deleuil, L. Delrez, O. D.S. Demangeon, A. Erikson, L. Fossati, M. Fridlund, D. Gandolfi, M. Gillon, M. Güdel, C. Hellier, K. Heng, S. Hoyer, K. G. Isaak, L. L. Kiss, A. Lecavelier Des Etangs, M. Lendl, C. Lovis, A. Luntzer, D. Magrin, V. Nascimbeni, G. Olofsson, R. Ottensamer, I. Pagano, E. Pallé, C. M. Persson, G. Peter, G. Piotto, D. Pollacco, D. Queloz, R. Ragazzoni, N. Rando, H. Rauer, I. Ribas, G. R. Ricker, S. Salmon, N. C. Santos, G. Scandariato, S. Seager, D. Ségransan, A. E. Simon, S. G. Sousa, M. Steller, Gy M. Szabó, N. Thomas, S. Udry, B. Ulmer, V. Van Grootel, N. A. Walton, T. G. Wilson, J. N. Winn, B. Wohler

Astrophysical Sciences

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

16 Scopus citations

Abstract

Context. Tidal orbital decay is suspected to occur for hot Jupiters in particular, with the only observationally confirmed case of this being WASP-12 b. By examining this effect, information on the properties of the host star can be obtained using the so-called stellar modified tidal quality factor Q^′_∗, which describes the efficiency with which the kinetic energy of the planet is dissipated within the star. This can provide information about the interior of the star. Aims. In this study, we aim to improve constraints on the tidal decay of the KELT-9, KELT-16, and WASP-4 systems in order to find evidence for or against the presence of tidal orbital decay. With this, we want to constrain the Q^′_∗ value for each star. In addition, we aim to test the existence of the transit timing variations (TTVs) in the HD 97658 system, which previously favoured a quadratic trend with increasing orbital period. Methods. Making use of newly acquired photometric observations from CHEOPS (CHaracterising ExOplanet Satellite) and TESS (Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite), combined with archival transit and occultation data, we use Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms to fit three models to the data, namely a constant-period model, an orbital-decay model, and an apsidal-precession model. Results. We find that the KELT-9 system is best described by an apsidal-precession model for now, with an orbital decay trend at over 2 σ being a possible solution as well. A Keplerian orbit model with a constant orbital period provides the best fit to the transit timings of KELT-16 b because of the scatter and scale of their error bars. The WASP-4 system is best represented by an orbital decay model at a 5 σ significance, although apsidal precession cannot be ruled out with the present data. For HD 97658 b, using recently acquired transit observations, we find no conclusive evidence for a previously suspected strong quadratic trend in the data.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	A124
Journal	Astronomy and Astrophysics
Volume	669
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202244529
State	Published - Jan 1 2023

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Astronomy and Astrophysics
Space and Planetary Science

Keywords

planet-star interactions
planets and satellites: dynamical evolution and stability
techniques: photometric

Access to Document

10.1051/0004-6361/202244529

Cite this

Harre, J. V., Smith, A. M. S., Barros, S. C. C., Boué, G., Csizmadia, S., Ehrenreich, D., Florén, H. G., Fortier, A., Maxted, P. F. L., Hooton, M. J., Akinsanmi, B., Serrano, L. M., Rosário, N. M., Demory, B. O., Jones, K., Laskar, J., Adibekyan, V., Alibert, Y., Alonso, R., ... Wohler, B. (2023). Examining the orbital decay targets KELT-9 b, KELT-16 b, and WASP-4 b, and the transit-timing variations of HD 97658 b^,. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 669, Article A124. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202244529

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title = "Examining the orbital decay targets KELT-9 b, KELT-16 b, and WASP-4 b, and the transit-timing variations of HD 97658 b,",

abstract = "Context. Tidal orbital decay is suspected to occur for hot Jupiters in particular, with the only observationally confirmed case of this being WASP-12 b. By examining this effect, information on the properties of the host star can be obtained using the so-called stellar modified tidal quality factor Q′∗, which describes the efficiency with which the kinetic energy of the planet is dissipated within the star. This can provide information about the interior of the star. Aims. In this study, we aim to improve constraints on the tidal decay of the KELT-9, KELT-16, and WASP-4 systems in order to find evidence for or against the presence of tidal orbital decay. With this, we want to constrain the Q′∗ value for each star. In addition, we aim to test the existence of the transit timing variations (TTVs) in the HD 97658 system, which previously favoured a quadratic trend with increasing orbital period. Methods. Making use of newly acquired photometric observations from CHEOPS (CHaracterising ExOplanet Satellite) and TESS (Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite), combined with archival transit and occultation data, we use Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms to fit three models to the data, namely a constant-period model, an orbital-decay model, and an apsidal-precession model. Results. We find that the KELT-9 system is best described by an apsidal-precession model for now, with an orbital decay trend at over 2 σ being a possible solution as well. A Keplerian orbit model with a constant orbital period provides the best fit to the transit timings of KELT-16 b because of the scatter and scale of their error bars. The WASP-4 system is best represented by an orbital decay model at a 5 σ significance, although apsidal precession cannot be ruled out with the present data. For HD 97658 b, using recently acquired transit observations, we find no conclusive evidence for a previously suspected strong quadratic trend in the data.",

keywords = "planet-star interactions, planets and satellites: dynamical evolution and stability, techniques: photometric",

author = "Harre, {J. V.} and Smith, {A. M.S.} and Barros, {S. C.C.} and G. Bou{\'e} and Sz Csizmadia and D. Ehrenreich and Flor{\'e}n, {H. G.} and A. Fortier and Maxted, {P. F.L.} and Hooton, {M. J.} and B. Akinsanmi and Serrano, {L. M.} and Ros{\'a}rio, {N. M.} and Demory, {B. O.} and K. Jones and J. Laskar and V. Adibekyan and Y. Alibert and R. Alonso and Anderson, {D. R.} and G. Anglada and J. Asquier and T. B{\'a}rczy and {Y Navascues}, {D. Barrado} and W. Baumjohann and M. Beck and T. Beck and W. Benz and N. Billot and F. Biondi and A. Bonfanti and X. Bonfils and A. Brandeker and C. Broeg and J. Cabrera and V. Cessa and S. Charnoz and Cameron, {A. Collier} and Davies, {M. B.} and M. Deleuil and L. Delrez and Demangeon, {O. D.S.} and A. Erikson and L. Fossati and M. Fridlund and D. Gandolfi and M. Gillon and M. G{\"u}del and C. Hellier and K. Heng and S. Hoyer and Isaak, {K. G.} and Kiss, {L. L.} and {Des Etangs}, {A. Lecavelier} and M. Lendl and C. Lovis and A. Luntzer and D. Magrin and V. Nascimbeni and G. Olofsson and R. Ottensamer and I. Pagano and E. Pall{\'e} and Persson, {C. M.} and G. Peter and G. Piotto and D. Pollacco and D. Queloz and R. Ragazzoni and N. Rando and H. Rauer and I. Ribas and Ricker, {G. R.} and S. Salmon and Santos, {N. C.} and G. Scandariato and S. Seager and D. S{\'e}gransan and Simon, {A. E.} and Sousa, {S. G.} and M. Steller and Szab{\'o}, {Gy M.} and N. Thomas and S. Udry and B. Ulmer and {Van Grootel}, V. and Walton, {N. A.} and Wilson, {T. G.} and Winn, {J. N.} and B. Wohler",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Authors 2023.",

year = "2023",

month = jan,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1051/0004-6361/202244529",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "669",

journal = "Astronomy and Astrophysics",

issn = "0004-6361",

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Harre, JV, Smith, AMS, Barros, SCC, Boué, G, Csizmadia, S, Ehrenreich, D, Florén, HG, Fortier, A, Maxted, PFL, Hooton, MJ, Akinsanmi, B, Serrano, LM, Rosário, NM, Demory, BO, Jones, K, Laskar, J, Adibekyan, V, Alibert, Y, Alonso, R, Anderson, DR, Anglada, G, Asquier, J, Bárczy, T, Y Navascues, DB, Baumjohann, W, Beck, M, Beck, T, Benz, W, Billot, N, Biondi, F, Bonfanti, A, Bonfils, X, Brandeker, A, Broeg, C, Cabrera, J, Cessa, V, Charnoz, S, Cameron, AC, Davies, MB, Deleuil, M, Delrez, L, Demangeon, ODS, Erikson, A, Fossati, L, Fridlund, M, Gandolfi, D, Gillon, M, Güdel, M, Hellier, C, Heng, K, Hoyer, S, Isaak, KG, Kiss, LL, Des Etangs, AL, Lendl, M, Lovis, C, Luntzer, A, Magrin, D, Nascimbeni, V, Olofsson, G, Ottensamer, R, Pagano, I, Pallé, E, Persson, CM, Peter, G, Piotto, G, Pollacco, D, Queloz, D, Ragazzoni, R, Rando, N, Rauer, H, Ribas, I, Ricker, GR, Salmon, S, Santos, NC, Scandariato, G, Seager, S, Ségransan, D, Simon, AE, Sousa, SG, Steller, M, Szabó, GM, Thomas, N, Udry, S, Ulmer, B, Van Grootel, V, Walton, NA, Wilson, TG, Winn, JN & Wohler, B 2023, 'Examining the orbital decay targets KELT-9 b, KELT-16 b, and WASP-4 b, and the transit-timing variations of HD 97658 b^,', Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 669, A124. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202244529

TY - JOUR

T1 - Examining the orbital decay targets KELT-9 b, KELT-16 b, and WASP-4 b, and the transit-timing variations of HD 97658 b,

AU - Harre, J. V.

AU - Smith, A. M.S.

AU - Barros, S. C.C.

AU - Boué, G.

AU - Csizmadia, Sz

AU - Ehrenreich, D.

AU - Florén, H. G.

AU - Fortier, A.

AU - Maxted, P. F.L.

AU - Hooton, M. J.

AU - Akinsanmi, B.

AU - Serrano, L. M.

AU - Rosário, N. M.

AU - Demory, B. O.

AU - Jones, K.

AU - Laskar, J.

AU - Adibekyan, V.

AU - Alibert, Y.

AU - Alonso, R.

AU - Anderson, D. R.

AU - Anglada, G.

AU - Asquier, J.

AU - Bárczy, T.

AU - Y Navascues, D. Barrado

AU - Baumjohann, W.

AU - Beck, M.

AU - Beck, T.

AU - Benz, W.

AU - Billot, N.

AU - Biondi, F.

AU - Bonfanti, A.

AU - Bonfils, X.

AU - Brandeker, A.

AU - Broeg, C.

AU - Cabrera, J.

AU - Cessa, V.

AU - Charnoz, S.

AU - Cameron, A. Collier

AU - Davies, M. B.

AU - Deleuil, M.

AU - Delrez, L.

AU - Demangeon, O. D.S.

AU - Erikson, A.

AU - Fossati, L.

AU - Fridlund, M.

AU - Gandolfi, D.

AU - Gillon, M.

AU - Güdel, M.

AU - Hellier, C.

AU - Heng, K.

AU - Hoyer, S.

AU - Isaak, K. G.

AU - Kiss, L. L.

AU - Des Etangs, A. Lecavelier

AU - Lendl, M.

AU - Lovis, C.

AU - Luntzer, A.

AU - Magrin, D.

AU - Nascimbeni, V.

AU - Olofsson, G.

AU - Ottensamer, R.

AU - Pagano, I.

AU - Pallé, E.

AU - Persson, C. M.

AU - Peter, G.

AU - Piotto, G.

AU - Pollacco, D.

AU - Queloz, D.

AU - Ragazzoni, R.

AU - Rando, N.

AU - Rauer, H.

AU - Ribas, I.

AU - Ricker, G. R.

AU - Salmon, S.

AU - Santos, N. C.

AU - Scandariato, G.

AU - Seager, S.

AU - Ségransan, D.

AU - Simon, A. E.

AU - Sousa, S. G.

AU - Steller, M.

AU - Szabó, Gy M.

AU - Thomas, N.

AU - Udry, S.

AU - Ulmer, B.

AU - Van Grootel, V.

AU - Walton, N. A.

AU - Wilson, T. G.

AU - Winn, J. N.

AU - Wohler, B.

PY - 2023/1/1

Y1 - 2023/1/1

N2 - Context. Tidal orbital decay is suspected to occur for hot Jupiters in particular, with the only observationally confirmed case of this being WASP-12 b. By examining this effect, information on the properties of the host star can be obtained using the so-called stellar modified tidal quality factor Q′∗, which describes the efficiency with which the kinetic energy of the planet is dissipated within the star. This can provide information about the interior of the star. Aims. In this study, we aim to improve constraints on the tidal decay of the KELT-9, KELT-16, and WASP-4 systems in order to find evidence for or against the presence of tidal orbital decay. With this, we want to constrain the Q′∗ value for each star. In addition, we aim to test the existence of the transit timing variations (TTVs) in the HD 97658 system, which previously favoured a quadratic trend with increasing orbital period. Methods. Making use of newly acquired photometric observations from CHEOPS (CHaracterising ExOplanet Satellite) and TESS (Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite), combined with archival transit and occultation data, we use Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms to fit three models to the data, namely a constant-period model, an orbital-decay model, and an apsidal-precession model. Results. We find that the KELT-9 system is best described by an apsidal-precession model for now, with an orbital decay trend at over 2 σ being a possible solution as well. A Keplerian orbit model with a constant orbital period provides the best fit to the transit timings of KELT-16 b because of the scatter and scale of their error bars. The WASP-4 system is best represented by an orbital decay model at a 5 σ significance, although apsidal precession cannot be ruled out with the present data. For HD 97658 b, using recently acquired transit observations, we find no conclusive evidence for a previously suspected strong quadratic trend in the data.

AB - Context. Tidal orbital decay is suspected to occur for hot Jupiters in particular, with the only observationally confirmed case of this being WASP-12 b. By examining this effect, information on the properties of the host star can be obtained using the so-called stellar modified tidal quality factor Q′∗, which describes the efficiency with which the kinetic energy of the planet is dissipated within the star. This can provide information about the interior of the star. Aims. In this study, we aim to improve constraints on the tidal decay of the KELT-9, KELT-16, and WASP-4 systems in order to find evidence for or against the presence of tidal orbital decay. With this, we want to constrain the Q′∗ value for each star. In addition, we aim to test the existence of the transit timing variations (TTVs) in the HD 97658 system, which previously favoured a quadratic trend with increasing orbital period. Methods. Making use of newly acquired photometric observations from CHEOPS (CHaracterising ExOplanet Satellite) and TESS (Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite), combined with archival transit and occultation data, we use Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms to fit three models to the data, namely a constant-period model, an orbital-decay model, and an apsidal-precession model. Results. We find that the KELT-9 system is best described by an apsidal-precession model for now, with an orbital decay trend at over 2 σ being a possible solution as well. A Keplerian orbit model with a constant orbital period provides the best fit to the transit timings of KELT-16 b because of the scatter and scale of their error bars. The WASP-4 system is best represented by an orbital decay model at a 5 σ significance, although apsidal precession cannot be ruled out with the present data. For HD 97658 b, using recently acquired transit observations, we find no conclusive evidence for a previously suspected strong quadratic trend in the data.

KW - planet-star interactions

KW - planets and satellites: dynamical evolution and stability

KW - techniques: photometric

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85147138880&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85147138880&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1051/0004-6361/202244529

DO - 10.1051/0004-6361/202244529

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85147138880

SN - 0004-6361

VL - 669

JO - Astronomy and Astrophysics

JF - Astronomy and Astrophysics

M1 - A124

ER -