Evolution and development of vocal communication in primates

Primates evolved diverse forms of vocal communication, which arise from species-specific developmental processes. To evaluate this diversity, it is necessary to consider changes in body, brain, and environment. Here, we survey variation in primate vocal production and its mechanisms. We then use marmosets as a case study, tracing their vocal development. Their species-specific vocalizations emerge in a landscape of anatomical changes, influences of contingent social feedback, the potential for plasticity, and social structure. Their example shows how species differences in vocal behavior can unfold across the different timescales of evolution, development, and behavior.