Evidence that the methylesterase of bacterial chemotaxis may be a serine hydrolase

CheB, the methylesterase of chemotactic bacteria, catalyzes the hydrolysis of glutamyl-methyl esters in bacterial chemoreceptor proteins. The two cysteines predicted by the amino acid sequence of CheB were replaced by alanine residues. The resulting mutants, Cys²⁰⁷-Ala, Cys³⁰⁹-Ala and a double cysteine mutant Cys²⁰⁷-Ala/Cys³⁰⁹-Ala, retained methylesterase activity, indicating that sulfhydryls are not crucial for CheB mediated catalysis. A homology search revealed a conserved serine active-site region between residues 162 and 166 which is homologous to the active-site region of acetylcholine esterases, suggesting that Ser¹⁶⁴ of CheB is the active-site nucleophile. Oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis was used to change the serine to a cysteine. This Ser¹⁶⁴-Cys mutant had less than 2% of the wild-type activity. Unlike the serine proteinases which utilize a 'catalytic triad' mechanism, CheB does not have the conserved histidine and aspartic acid residues located in positions N-terminal to the active-site serine. In addition, CheB is not labeled with di-isopropylfluorophosphate, a potent inhibitor of other serine hydrolases. A novel mechanism is proposed for CheB involving substrate-assisted catalysis to account for these apparent anomalies.