Entanglement and Purification Transitions in Non-Hermitian Quantum Mechanics

Sarang Gopalakrishnan, Michael J. Gullans

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

80 Scopus citations

Abstract

A quantum system subject to continuous measurement and postselection evolves according to a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian. We show that, as one increases the strength of postselection, this non-Hermitian Hamiltonian can undergo a spectral phase transition. On one side of this phase transition (for weak postselection), an initially mixed density matrix remains mixed at all times, and an initially unentangled state develops volume-law entanglement; on the other side, an arbitrary initial state approaches a unique pure state with low entanglement. We identify this transition with an exceptional point in the spectrum of the non-Hermitian Hamiltonian, at which PT symmetry is spontaneously broken. We characterize the transition as well as the nontrivial steady state that emerges at late times in the mixed phase using exact diagonalization and an approximate, analytically tractable mean-field theory; these methods yield consistent conclusions.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Article number170503
JournalPhysical review letters
Volume126
Issue number17
DOIs
StatePublished - Apr 30 2021
Externally publishedYes

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

  • General Physics and Astronomy

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