TY - JOUR
T1 - Enhancer Control of Transcriptional Bursting
AU - Fukaya, Takashi
AU - Lim, Bomyi
AU - Levine, Michael
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank Thomas Gregor for sharing the His2Av-mRFP; MCP-GFP fly strain. We also thank Samuel Pak Ng for assistance with fly injections, Evangelos Gatzogiannis for instruction and help with confocal imaging, and the Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center for fly strains. We are also grateful to members of the M.L. laboratory for discussions. T.F. was the recipient of a JSPS Postdoctoral Fellowship for Research Abroad and is currently supported by a Human Frontier Science Program Long-Term Fellowship. This study was funded by grants from the National Institutes of Health (U01EB021239 and GM46638).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 Elsevier Inc.
PY - 2016/7/14
Y1 - 2016/7/14
N2 - Transcription is episodic, consisting of a series of discontinuous bursts. Using live-imaging methods and quantitative analysis, we examine transcriptional bursting in living Drosophila embryos. Different developmental enhancers positioned downstream of synthetic reporter genes produce transcriptional bursts with similar amplitudes and duration but generate very different bursting frequencies, with strong enhancers producing more bursts than weak enhancers. Insertion of an insulator reduces the number of bursts and the corresponding level of gene expression, suggesting that enhancer regulation of bursting frequency is a key parameter of gene control in development. We also show that linked reporter genes exhibit coordinated bursting profiles when regulated by a shared enhancer, challenging conventional models of enhancer-promoter looping.
AB - Transcription is episodic, consisting of a series of discontinuous bursts. Using live-imaging methods and quantitative analysis, we examine transcriptional bursting in living Drosophila embryos. Different developmental enhancers positioned downstream of synthetic reporter genes produce transcriptional bursts with similar amplitudes and duration but generate very different bursting frequencies, with strong enhancers producing more bursts than weak enhancers. Insertion of an insulator reduces the number of bursts and the corresponding level of gene expression, suggesting that enhancer regulation of bursting frequency is a key parameter of gene control in development. We also show that linked reporter genes exhibit coordinated bursting profiles when regulated by a shared enhancer, challenging conventional models of enhancer-promoter looping.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.cell.2016.05.025
DO - 10.1016/j.cell.2016.05.025
M3 - Article
C2 - 27293191
AN - SCOPUS:84978401505
SN - 0092-8674
VL - 166
SP - 358
EP - 368
JO - Cell
JF - Cell
IS - 2
ER -