@article{b8526d55b5ed4bbe8de8fa7679da57e0,
title = "Energy Flux and Characteristic Energy of Electrons Over Jupiter's Main Auroral Emission",
abstract = "Jupiter's ultraviolet (UV) aurorae, the most powerful and intense in the solar system, are caused by energetic electrons precipitating from the magnetosphere into the atmosphere where they excite the molecular hydrogen. Previous studies focused on case analyses and/or greater than 30-keV energy electrons. Here for the first time we provide a comprehensive evaluation of Jovian auroral electron characteristics over the entire relevant range of energies (~100 eV to ~1 MeV). The focus is on the first eight perijoves providing a coarse but complete System III view of the northern and southern auroral regions with corresponding UV observations. The latest magnetic field model JRM09 with a current sheet model is used to map Juno's magnetic foot point onto the UV images and relate the electron measurements to the UV features. We find a recurring pattern where the 3- to 30-keV electron energy flux peaks in a region just equatorward of the main emission. The region corresponds to a minimum of the electron characteristic energy (<10 keV). Its polarward edge corresponds to the equatorward edge of the main oval, which is mapped at M shells of ~51. A refined current sheet model will likely bring this boundary closer to the expected 20–30 RJ. Outside that region, the >100-keV electrons contribute to most (>~70–80%) of the total downward energy flux and the characteristic energy is usually around 100 keV or higher. We examine the UV brightness per incident energy flux as a function of characteristic energy and compare it to expectations from a model.",
keywords = "Jupiter, aurora, electron, magnetosphere",
author = "F. Allegrini and B. Mauk and G. Clark and Gladstone, {G. R.} and V. Hue and Kurth, {W. S.} and F. Bagenal and S. Bolton and B. Bonfond and Connerney, {J. E.P.} and Ebert, {R. W.} and T. Greathouse and M. Imai and S. Levin and P. Louarn and McComas, {D. J.} and J. Saur and Szalay, {J. R.} and Valek, {P. W.} and Wilson, {R. J.}",
note = "Funding Information: We thank all the outstanding women and men who have made Juno and the instrument suite so successful. The authors would also like to thank the following individuals who have helped in different capacities: Chad Loeffler, Nigel Angold, Eric Fattig, Patrick Phelan, Greg Miller, Dave Cronk, Craig Pollock, Michelle Thomsen, George Hospodarsky, Denis Grodent, Ma{\"i}t{\'e} Dumont, Stavros Kotsiaros, Ali Sulaiman, Juan Mu{\~n}oz, Thomas Kim, Lizeth Magana, Benjamin Byron, Elizabeth Czajka, Ross Goodwin, Kristina Pritchard, Michael Starkey, Ryan Sawyer, Christine Ray, and Jacob Nickell. The data presented here reside at NASA's Planetary Data System ( https://pds.nasa.gov/ ). The data from the figures are publicly available on a permanent repository at the following address ( https://pubdata.space.swri.edu/look/0/51aacdee‐b785‐49f0‐a60a‐a4fc5cf0918e ). This work was funded by the NASA New Frontiers Program for Juno. The research at the University of Iowa is supported by NASA through Contract 699041X with the Southwest Research Institute. Funding Information: We thank all the outstanding women and men who have made Juno and the instrument suite so successful. The authors would also like to thank the following individuals who have helped in different capacities: Chad Loeffler, Nigel Angold, Eric Fattig, Patrick Phelan, Greg Miller, Dave Cronk, Craig Pollock, Michelle Thomsen, George Hospodarsky, Denis Grodent, Ma?t? Dumont, Stavros Kotsiaros, Ali Sulaiman, Juan Mu?oz, Thomas Kim, Lizeth Magana, Benjamin Byron, Elizabeth Czajka, Ross Goodwin, Kristina Pritchard, Michael Starkey, Ryan Sawyer, Christine Ray, and Jacob Nickell. The data presented here reside at NASA's Planetary Data System (https://pds.nasa.gov/). The data from the figures are publicly available on a permanent repository at the following address (https://pubdata.space.swri.edu/look/0/51aacdee-b785-49f0-a60a-a4fc5cf0918e). This work was funded by the NASA New Frontiers Program for Juno. The research at the University of Iowa is supported by NASA through Contract 699041X with the Southwest Research Institute. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright}2020. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.",
year = "2020",
month = apr,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1029/2019JA027693",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "125",
journal = "Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics",
issn = "2169-9402",
number = "4",
}