TY - JOUR
T1 - Energetics of metal-organic interfaces
T2 - New experiments and assessment of the field
AU - Hwang, Jaehyung
AU - Wan, Alan
AU - Kahn, Antoine
N1 - Funding Information:
The work reviewed in this paper was supported over the past few years by the U.S. Department of Energy (DE-FG02-04ER46165), the National Science Foundation (DRM-0408589 and 0705920) and the Princeton MRSEC of the National Science Foundation (DMR-0213706). The authors are very grateful to Profs. Jean-Luc Brédas, Fernando Flores, Zoltan Soos and Jeffrey Schwartz for key collaborations in the areas of electronic structure of polymer and small molecules, interface gap states, polarization and exciton binding energy, and interface modification and chemistry, respectively. AK also gratefully acknowledges former members of the group, Profs. Norbert Koch, Ian Hill, and Chi-I Wu, and Drs. Yutaka Hirose, Chongfei Shen, Weying Gao and Calvin Chan, who all participated at some point in time in some of these experiments.
PY - 2009/3/25
Y1 - 2009/3/25
N2 - Considerable research and development means have been focused in the past decade on organic semiconductor thin films and devices with applications to full color displays, flexible electronics and photovoltaics. Critical areas of these thin films are their interfaces with electrodes, with other organic films and with dielectrics, as these interfaces control charge injection and transport through the device. Full understanding of the mechanisms that determine the electronic properties of these interfaces, i.e. the relative position of molecular levels and charge carrier transport states, is an important goal to reach for developing reliable device processing conditions. This report provides an extensive, although probably somewhat biased, review of polymer- and small molecule-metal interface work of the past few years, with emphasis placed specifically on (i) the electronic structure and molecular level alignment at these interfaces, (ii) the perceived differences between small molecule and polymer interfaces, (iii) the difference between organic-on-metal and metal-on-organic interfaces, and (iv) the role played by electrode surface contamination in establishing interface energetics. Environmental conditions, e.g. vacuum vs. ambient, are found to be critical parameters in the processing of polymer and small molecule interfaces with metals. With similar processing conditions, these two types of interfaces are found to obey very similar molecular level alignment rules.
AB - Considerable research and development means have been focused in the past decade on organic semiconductor thin films and devices with applications to full color displays, flexible electronics and photovoltaics. Critical areas of these thin films are their interfaces with electrodes, with other organic films and with dielectrics, as these interfaces control charge injection and transport through the device. Full understanding of the mechanisms that determine the electronic properties of these interfaces, i.e. the relative position of molecular levels and charge carrier transport states, is an important goal to reach for developing reliable device processing conditions. This report provides an extensive, although probably somewhat biased, review of polymer- and small molecule-metal interface work of the past few years, with emphasis placed specifically on (i) the electronic structure and molecular level alignment at these interfaces, (ii) the perceived differences between small molecule and polymer interfaces, (iii) the difference between organic-on-metal and metal-on-organic interfaces, and (iv) the role played by electrode surface contamination in establishing interface energetics. Environmental conditions, e.g. vacuum vs. ambient, are found to be critical parameters in the processing of polymer and small molecule interfaces with metals. With similar processing conditions, these two types of interfaces are found to obey very similar molecular level alignment rules.
KW - Molecular level alignment
KW - Organic-metal interfaces
KW - Photoelectron spectroscopy
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U2 - 10.1016/j.mser.2008.12.001
DO - 10.1016/j.mser.2008.12.001
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:62349133602
SN - 0927-796X
VL - 64
SP - 1
EP - 31
JO - Materials Science and Engineering R: Reports
JF - Materials Science and Engineering R: Reports
IS - 1-2
ER -