Embedding implementation research to strengthen efforts towards improving primary health care in resource limited settings

Immunization reaches more people than any other health service and it is a vital component of primary health care (PHC) (1,2). The Immunization Agenda 2030 emphasizes building strong national immunization programs integrated into primary health care services as the basis for achieving high vaccination coverage (2). In Ethiopia, immunization services are the backbone of PHC and are delivered in all public health facilities across the country (1). Even though the national EPI target is to reach a coverage of 90%(1), achieving and maintaining high immunization coverage is challenged by multifaceted demand and supply side implementation barriers (3–5). These barriers are related to community engagement, immunization service delivery, supply chain management, and surveillance and data management of the immunization program (5).