TY - GEN
T1 - Efficient behavior-driven runtime dynamic voltage scaling policies
AU - Xie, Fen
AU - Martonosi, Margaret
AU - Malik, Sharad
PY - 2005
Y1 - 2005
N2 - Power consumption has long been a limiting factor in microprocessor design. In seeking energy efficiency solutions, dynamic voltage/frequency scaling (DVFS), a technique to vary voltage/frequency on the fly, has emerged as a powerful and practical power/energy reduction technique that exploits computation slack due to relaxed deadlines and memory accesses. DVFS has been implemented in some modern processors such as Intel XScale and Transmeta Crusoe. Hence the bulk of research efforts have been devoted to developing policies to detect slack and pick appropriate V/f assignments such that the energy is minimized while meeting performance requirements. Since slack is a product of memory accesses and relaxed deadlines, the number of instances and the duration of available slack are highly dependent on the runtime program behavior. Runtime DVFS policies must take into consideration program characteristics in order to achieve significant energy savings. In this paper, we characterize program behavior and classify programs in terms of the memory access behavior. We propose a runtime DVFS policy that takes into consideration the characteristics of program behavior for each category. Then we examine the efficiency of the proposed DVFS policies by comparing with previously derived upper bounds of energy savings. Results show that the proposed run-time DVFS policies approach the upper bounds of energy savings in most cases
AB - Power consumption has long been a limiting factor in microprocessor design. In seeking energy efficiency solutions, dynamic voltage/frequency scaling (DVFS), a technique to vary voltage/frequency on the fly, has emerged as a powerful and practical power/energy reduction technique that exploits computation slack due to relaxed deadlines and memory accesses. DVFS has been implemented in some modern processors such as Intel XScale and Transmeta Crusoe. Hence the bulk of research efforts have been devoted to developing policies to detect slack and pick appropriate V/f assignments such that the energy is minimized while meeting performance requirements. Since slack is a product of memory accesses and relaxed deadlines, the number of instances and the duration of available slack are highly dependent on the runtime program behavior. Runtime DVFS policies must take into consideration program characteristics in order to achieve significant energy savings. In this paper, we characterize program behavior and classify programs in terms of the memory access behavior. We propose a runtime DVFS policy that takes into consideration the characteristics of program behavior for each category. Then we examine the efficiency of the proposed DVFS policies by comparing with previously derived upper bounds of energy savings. Results show that the proposed run-time DVFS policies approach the upper bounds of energy savings in most cases
KW - Low Power
KW - Runtime Dynamic Voltage Scaling
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=27644536618&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=27644536618&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1145/1084834.1084864
DO - 10.1145/1084834.1084864
M3 - Conference contribution
AN - SCOPUS:27644536618
SN - 1595931619
SN - 9781595931610
T3 - CODES+ISSS 2005 - International Conference on Hardware/Software Codesign and System Synthesis
SP - 105
EP - 110
BT - CODES+ISSS 2005 - International Conference on Hardware/Software Codesign and Systems Synthesis
PB - Association for Computing Machinery
T2 - 3rd IEEE/ACM/IFIP International Conference on Hardware/Software Codesign and Systems Synthesis CODES+ISSS 2005
Y2 - 18 September 2005 through 21 September 2005
ER -