TY - JOUR
T1 - Effects of Groundwater Pumping on Ground Surface Temperature
T2 - A Regional Modeling Study in the North China Plain
AU - Yang, Chen
AU - Li, Hong Yi
AU - Fang, Yilin
AU - Cui, Chixiao
AU - Wang, Tianye
AU - Zheng, Chunmiao
AU - Leung, L. Ruby
AU - Maxwell, Reed M.
AU - Zhang, You Kuan
AU - Yang, Xiaofan
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant XDA20100104), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 41807198), and the Center for Computational Science and Engineering of Southern University of Science and Technology. H. L., Y. F., and L. R. L. were supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science Biological and Environmental Research as part of the Earth and Environmental System Modeling program. PNNL is operated for the Department of Energy under Contract DE‐AC05‐76RL01830. All data used for modeling are publicly accessible, and the sources are cited in the text. Data for all figures using the model generated data and the model can be accessed through this site ( https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.12003315.v1 ).
Publisher Copyright:
©2020. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
PY - 2020/5/16
Y1 - 2020/5/16
N2 - Overexploitation of groundwater (GW) in the North China Plain (NCP) since the 1960s has many environmental consequences. However, mechanistic understanding of this perturbation remains limited, particularly at the regional scale. In this study, the coupled ParFlow.CLM model representing subsurface and land surface processes and their interactions was applied in the NCP at high spatiotemporal resolutions. The model was validated using the water and energy fluxes reported in previous studies and from the JRA-55 reanalysis. Numerical experiments were designed to examine the impacts of GW pumping and irrigation on the ground surface temperature (GST). Results show significant effects of GW pumping on GST in the NCP. Generally, the subsurface acts as a buffer to temporal variations in heat fluxes at the land surface, but long-term pumping can gradually weaken this buffer, leading to increases in the spatiotemporal variability of GST, as exemplified by hotter summers and colder winters. Considering that changes of water table depth (WTD) can significantly affect land surface heat fluxes when WTD ranges roughly between 0.01 and 10 m, the 0.5-m/yr increase of WTD simulated by the model due to pumping can continue to increase the regional averaged WTD and hence, perturb GST for about 20 years after GW pumping began in the NCP, before WTD exceeds 10 m. The variations of GST are expected to increase faster initially and gradually slow down due to the nonlinear behaviors of GST with WTD. The findings from this study in the NCP may also have implications for other regions with GW depletion.
AB - Overexploitation of groundwater (GW) in the North China Plain (NCP) since the 1960s has many environmental consequences. However, mechanistic understanding of this perturbation remains limited, particularly at the regional scale. In this study, the coupled ParFlow.CLM model representing subsurface and land surface processes and their interactions was applied in the NCP at high spatiotemporal resolutions. The model was validated using the water and energy fluxes reported in previous studies and from the JRA-55 reanalysis. Numerical experiments were designed to examine the impacts of GW pumping and irrigation on the ground surface temperature (GST). Results show significant effects of GW pumping on GST in the NCP. Generally, the subsurface acts as a buffer to temporal variations in heat fluxes at the land surface, but long-term pumping can gradually weaken this buffer, leading to increases in the spatiotemporal variability of GST, as exemplified by hotter summers and colder winters. Considering that changes of water table depth (WTD) can significantly affect land surface heat fluxes when WTD ranges roughly between 0.01 and 10 m, the 0.5-m/yr increase of WTD simulated by the model due to pumping can continue to increase the regional averaged WTD and hence, perturb GST for about 20 years after GW pumping began in the NCP, before WTD exceeds 10 m. The variations of GST are expected to increase faster initially and gradually slow down due to the nonlinear behaviors of GST with WTD. The findings from this study in the NCP may also have implications for other regions with GW depletion.
KW - ParFlow.CLM
KW - ground surface temperature
KW - groundwater pumping
KW - integrated hydrologic modeling
KW - the North China Plain
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85084454846&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85084454846&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1029/2019JD031764
DO - 10.1029/2019JD031764
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85084454846
SN - 2169-897X
VL - 125
JO - Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
JF - Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
IS - 9
M1 - e2019JD031764
ER -