@article{417a971580954281aa60f65526b6a0cc,
title = "Economic and Behavioral Influencers of Vaccination and Antimicrobial Use",
abstract = "Despite vast improvements in global vaccination coverage during the last decade, there is a growing trend in vaccine hesitancy and/or refusal globally. This has implications for the acceptance and coverage of a potential vaccine against COVID-19. In the United States, the number of children exempt from vaccination for “philosophical belief-based” non-medical reasons increased in 12 of the 18 states that allowed this policy from 2009 to 2017 (1). Meanwhile, the overuse and misuse of antibiotics, especially in young children, have led to increasing rates of drug resistance that threaten our ability to treat infectious diseases. Vaccine hesitancy and antibiotic overuse exist side-by-side in the same population of young children, and it is unclear why one modality (antibiotics) is universally seen as safe and effective, while the other (vaccines) is seen as potentially hazardous by some. In this review, we consider the drivers shaping the use of vaccines and antibiotics in the context of three factors: individual incentives, risk perceptions, and social norms and group dynamics. We illustrate how these factors contribute to the societal and individual costs of vaccine underuse and antimicrobial overuse. Ultimately, we seek to understand these factors that are at the nexus of infectious disease epidemiology and social science to inform policy-making.",
keywords = "COVID-19, antimicrobial, behavior, hesitancy, vaccination",
author = "Wagner, {Caroline E.} and Prentice, {Joseph A.} and Saad-Roy, {Chadi M.} and Luojun Yang and Grenfell, {Bryan T.} and Levin, {Simon A.} and Ramanan Laxminarayan",
note = "Funding Information: We acknowledge useful discussions with all members of the May 2019 Extending the Cure meeting. Funding. This work was funded by the James S. McDonnell Foundation 21st Century Science Initiative Collaborative Award in Understanding Dynamic and Multiscale Systems, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the RAPIDD program of the Science and Technology Directorate Department of Homeland Security and the Fogarty International Center, NIH, and the National Science Foundation (grant CNS-2027908), the National Science Foundation Expeditions (grant CCF1917819), and the C3.ai Digital Transformation Institute (grant AWD1006615), and Gift from Google, LLC. 21st Century Science Initiative Collaborative Award in Understanding Dynamic and Multiscale Systems, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the RAPIDD program of the Science and Technology Directorate Department of Homeland Security and the Fogarty International Center, NIH, and the National Science Foundation (grant CNS-2027908), the National Science Foundation Expeditions (grant CCF1917819), and the C3.ai Digital Transformation Institute (grant AWD1006615), and Gift from Google, LLC, CS-R acknowledges support from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada through a Postgraduate-Doctoral Scholarship. Funding Information: This work was funded by the James S. McDonnell Foundation 21st Century Science Initiative Collaborative Award in Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} Copyright {\textcopyright} 2020 Wagner, Prentice, Saad-Roy, Yang, Grenfell, Levin and Laxminarayan.",
year = "2020",
month = dec,
day = "21",
doi = "10.3389/fpubh.2020.614113",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "8",
journal = "Frontiers in Public Health",
issn = "2296-2565",
publisher = "Frontiers Media S. A.",
}