@article{601d4b5b52724497bda691594ee9b10a,
title = "Ecological and evolutionary dynamics of interconnectedness and modularity",
abstract = "In this contribution, we develop a theoretical framework for linking microprocesses (i.e., population dynamics and evolution through natural selection) with macrophenomena (such as interconnectedness and modularity within an ecological system). This is achieved by developing a measure of interconnectedness for population distributions defined on a trait space (generalizing the notion of modularity on graphs), in combination with an evolution equation for the population distribution. With this contribution, we provide a platform for understanding under what environmental, ecological, and evolutionary conditions ecosystems evolve toward being more or less modular. A major contribution of this work is that we are able to decompose the overall driver of changes at the macro level (such as interconnectedness) into three components: (i) ecologically driven change, (ii) evolutionarily driven change, and (iii) environmentally driven change.",
keywords = "Macroecological patterns, Macroevolutionary patterns, Mathematical modeling, Microevolution, Population biology",
author = "Nordbotten, {Jan M.} and Levin, {Simon A.} and E{\"o}rs Szathm{\'a}ry and Stenseth, {Nils C.}",
note = "Funding Information: Jo Skeie Hermansen, Joshua Plotkin, Sergey Kryazhimskiy, Kjetil Lysne Voje, and Han Wang are all thanked for commenting upon an earlier version of this manuscript. Sari Cunningham is thanked for splendid linguistic and copy-editing work on the manuscript. Funding for this project was primarily covered by Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (core and Colloquium 4) funding and the Research Council of Norway (RCN) project, Red Queen coevolution in multispecies communities: Long-term evolutionary consequences of biotic and abiotic interactions (EVOQUE). In addition, S.A.L. acknowledges support through Simons Foundation Grant 395890 and Army Research Office Grant W911NF-14-1-0431. E.S. acknowledges support through the European Research Council [294332 – EVOEVO (Evolution of Evolvable Systems)], GINOP-2.3.2-15-2016-00057, and Nemzeti Kutat{\'a}si, Fejleszt{\'e}si {\'e}s Innov{\'a}ci{\'o}s Hivatal (National Research, Development and Innovation Office) 119347. Funding Information: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. Jo Skeie Hermansen, Joshua Plotkin, Sergey Kryazhimskiy, Kjetil Lysne Voje, and Han Wang are all thanked for commenting upon an earlier version of this manuscript. Sari Cunningham is thanked for splendid linguistic and copy-editing work on the manuscript. Funding for this project was primarily covered by Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (core and Colloquium 4) funding and the Research Council of Norway (RCN) project, Red Queen coevolution in multispecies communities: Long-term evolutionary consequences of biotic and abiotic interactions (EVOQUE). In addition, S.A.L. acknowledges support through Simons Foundation Grant 395890 and Army Research Office Grant W911NF-14-1-0431. E.S. acknowledges support through the European Research Council [294332 – EVOEVO (Evolution of Evolvable Systems)], GINOP-2.3.2-15-2016-00057, and Nemzeti Kutat{\'a}si, Fejleszt{\'e}si {\'e}s Innov{\'a}ci{\'o}s Hivatal (National Research, Development and Innovation Office) 119347.",
year = "2018",
month = jan,
day = "23",
doi = "10.1073/pnas.1716078115",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "115",
pages = "750--755",
journal = "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America",
issn = "0027-8424",
publisher = "National Academy of Sciences",
number = "4",
}