@article{5613b4c35213430f80d6b10d424aafc6,
title = "Early-time light curves of type Ia supernovae observed with TESS",
abstract = "We present the early-time light curves of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) observed in the first six sectors of Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) data. Ten of these SNe were discovered by ASAS-SN, seven by ATLAS, six by ZTF, and one by Gaia. For nine of these objects with sufficient dynamic range (>3.0 mag from detection to peak), we fit power-law models and searched for signatures of companion stars. We found a diversity of early-time lightcurve shapes, although most of our sources are consistent with fireball models where the flux increases as ∞t2. Three SNe displayed a flatter rise with flux ∝t.We did not find any obvious evidence for additional structures, such as multiple power-law components, in the early rising light curves. For assumptions about the SN properties and the observer viewing angle (ejecta mass of 1.4 M⊙, expansion velocity of 104 km s-1, opacity of 0.2 cm2 g-1, and viewing angle of 45°) and a further assumption that any companion stars would be in Roche lobe overflow, it is possible to place upper limits on the radii of any companion stars. Six of the nine SNe had complete coverage of the early-time light curves, and we placed upper limits on the radii of companion stars of ≤32 R⊙ for these SNe, ≤20 R⊙ for five of the six, and ≤4 R⊙ for two of the six. The small sample size did not allow us to put limits on the occurrence rate of companion stars in the progenitors of SNe Ia. However, we expect that TESS observed enough SNe in its two-year primary mission (26 sectors) to either detect the signature of a large companion (R > 20 R⊙) or constrain the occurrence rate of such systems, at least for the fiducial SN properties adopted here. We also show that TESS is capable of detecting emission from a 1 R⊙ companion for an SN Ia within 50 Mpc and has a reasonable chance of doing so after about six years.",
author = "Fausnaugh, {M. M.} and Vallely, {P. J.} and Kochanek, {C. S.} and Shappee, {B. J.} and Stanek, {K. Z.} and Tucker, {M. A.} and Ricker, {George R.} and Roland Vanderspek and Latham, {David W.} and S. Seager and Winn, {Joshua N.} and Jenkins, {Jon M.} and Berta-Thompson, {Zachory K.} and Tansu Daylan and Doty, {John P.} and G{\'a}bor F{\"u}r{\'e}sz and Levine, {Alan M.} and Robert Morris and Andr{\'a}s P{\'a}l and Lizhou Sha and Ting, {Eric B.} and Bill Wohler",
note = "Funding Information: We thank Saul Rappaport for discussions about binary systems and mass transfer and Marco Montalto for a discussion of TESS scattered-light signals at the TESS Science Conference I (2019 August). This paper includes data collected by the TESS mission, which are publicly available from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes and are described in Jenkins et al. (2016). Funding for the TESS mission is provided by NASA's Science Mission directorate. This research has made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System, as well as the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. P.J.V. is supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) Graduate Research Fellowship Program under grant No. DGE- 1343012. K.Z.S. and C.S.K. are supported by NSF grants AST- 1515876, AST-1515927, and AST-1814440. C.S.K. was also supported by a fellowship from the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Studies at Harvard University. B.J.S., C.S.K., and K.Z.S. are supported by NSF grant AST-1907570. B.J.S. is also supported by NASA grant 80NSSC19K1717 and NSF grants AST-1920392 and AST-1911074. M.A.T. acknowledges support from the DOE CSGF through grant DE-SC0019323. The work of A.P. was supported in part by the GINOP-2.3.2-15-2016-00033 project, which is funded by the Hungarian National Research, Development, and Innovation Fund together with the European Union. T.D. acknowledges support from MIT's Kavli Institute as a Kavli postdoctoral fellow. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.",
year = "2021",
month = feb,
day = "10",
doi = "10.3847/1538-4357/abcd42",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "908",
journal = "Astrophysical Journal",
issn = "0004-637X",
publisher = "IOP Publishing Ltd.",
number = "1",
}